Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Bacterial diseases

Bacterial diseases constitutes infections whose essential causative organism is bacteria. In  bacterial pathogens is the  bacteria infects and causes a disease in the host whose cell it invaded in. However, not all bacteria are pathogenic and they have the ability to cause a disease. Bacteria also resides in host without harming it in a symbiotic relation and also helps in building a response against the invading foreign opportunistic bacteria from harming the host. Bacteria primarily produce two types of toxins called the Exotoxins and the Endotoxins. These toxins are soluble can be transported by both blood and lymph and causes cytotoxicity at remote tissue sites. Bacteria also infect skin, causing skin infections like Impetigo, Erysipelas and Cellulitis among numerous others. Urinary Tract Infection (UTIs) are mainly caused by Escherichia coli;  Typhoid fever by Salmonella typhi. Bacterial infections are generally treated by antibiotics, which are further categorized as Bactericidal – Antibiotics that kill bacteria and Bacteriostatic – Antibiotics which prevent bacterial growth and hindering their metabolism. Profoundly extensive use of such antibiotics contributes to the swift advancement of the antibiotic resistance in the pathogenic bacterial populations.