Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Katarzyna Zycinska
Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
Keynote: Antibiotic treatment in community and hospital acquired pneumonia complicated by Clostridium difficile infection
Time : 10:00-11:00
Biography:
Katarzyna Zycinska, MD, PhD, Professor graduated from the Medical University of Warsaw and is board certified in internal medicine and family medicine. Professor Zycinska is currently the Head of Chair and Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw. She is a member of the Polish Internal Medicine Society and a board member of Polish Family Medicine Society. She is also a member of the College of Family Physicians in Poland and of the Association of Medical Education in Europe. Her main research areas are systemic vasculitis and nephrology. She is published in leading international medical journals.
Abstract:
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most common gastrointestinal complications after an antimicrobial treatment. It is estimated that CDI after the pneumonia treatment is connected with a higher mortality than other causes of hospitalization. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between individual antibiotic intake and mortality of Clostridium difficile infection after pneumonia treatment. A retrospective analysis of 217 patients with CDI in the Internal Medicine Ward, Medical University of Warsaw was conducted. In 94 pa-tients who were treated for pneumonia CDI was diagnosed. To emphasize a correlation be-tween mortality of CDI and the antibiotic therapy the fraction test was performed. 94 patients 52% went through a severe and complicated infection. Among severe cases 62.5% (n=30) of records were provided respectively with ceftriaxone, 45.8% (n=22) ciprofloxacin, 41.6% (n=20) amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, 29.2% (n=14) clarithromycin, 22.9% (n=11) cefuroxime, 20.8% (n=10) imipenem. The fraction test revealed statistically significant mortality rate in a group of patients who were provided with ceftriaxone. The study shows there is a correlation between the antibiotic treatment of pneumonia and mortality rate in pa-tients who developed CDI due to the chosen therapy. There was a significant mortality rate according
to ceftriaxone intake; therefore, it should be avoided in patients with the higher risk of CDI.
Keynote Forum
Bożena Dworecka-Kaszak
Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
Keynote: Domestic animals as a source of human fungal infections
Time : 11:15-12:15
Biography:
Bozena Dworecka-Kaszak graduated from Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Warsaw University of Life Sciences in 1979. In 1982 she finished her PhD thesis: The effect of Clostridium oncolyticum s. butyricum M55 on hematopeosis in healthy and irradiated mice” at National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw. She did habilitation in 2002 on the topic: “Characteristics of yeast-like fungi Malassezia pachydermatis and evaluation of their immunomodulation properties in vivo and in vitro” and become Specialist in Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics. Since 1985 till present she has been working at Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Warsaw University of Life Sciences at the Department of Precilinical Sciences. In years 2000-2012 she was the Head of Mycology Division and she become University Professor in 2004. During her career, she completed many fellowships, such as at FeInstitut fur Mikrobiologie und Tierseuchen der Tierarztlichen, Hochschule Hannover (Germany) and at Dipartimento di Sanita Pubblica Veterinariae Patologia Animale, Universita Degli Studi di Bologna (Italy) as well as a Tempus Phare at Dipartimento de Medicina y Sanidad Animale, Patologia Infecciosa, Facultad de Veterinaria of Univesitad Extremadura in Caceres (Spain) and Tempus Phare, Erasmus Teacher Mobility Grant in Valencia UPV (Spain). Her field of interest is Mycology,
Mallasezia dog’s infections and dermatophytes.
Abstract:
Mycoses are common on over the world and some human infections may originate from animals. In Poland, infection of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis are the most common animal ringworms. Skin infection due to other mycelial fungi such as Alternaria alternata, especially in horses has become a new clinical problem. Malassezia infections are the most frequent superficial skin mycoses of dogs, but their role in atopic dermatitis (AD) and possibility of transmission for people is often apart from understated. The number of dermatitis in companion animal caused by Candida has lately increased significantly too. Different species of Candida are also frequently isolated from mastitis in dairy cows. Fungal infections in amphibians are now one of the most important reasons of extinction of these animals. The most dangerous are infections of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis or Saprolegnia ferax. Amphibian mycoses are so common and spread so fast, and have now been proclaimed an ecological catastrophe, but in Poland are rather rare problem. Aspergilosis in birds and nasal cavity aspergilosis in dogs are often shown in our country. There are no well documented reports of histoplasmosis, sporotrichosis, blastomycosis and coccidioidomycosis among animals in Poland, but the etiological role of many fungal species is still misunderstood. Simultaneously, the risk of animal’s mycoses as a source of infection for their owners is still not recognized to the end point.
- Antimicrobial Activity | Infectious diseases | Antimicrobial Agents | Bacterial diseases
Location: Sunset 1
Chair
Sarah Eysoldt
Florida International University, USA
Session Introduction
Kiran Fatima
Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Pakistan
Title: Comparative inhibitory effect of Camellia sinensis (green tea) aqueous non-fermented, fermented and semi fermented extracts against H. pylori tested on pregnant women in Karachi
Biography:
Abstract:
Background & Aim: H. pylori were found to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease. The growing problem of antibiotic resistance by the organism in Pakistan thus demands the search for novel compounds; we screened the aqueous extracts of Camellia sinensis and also compared the anti-bacterial
Materials & Methods: All these biopsies were processed for detection of H. pylori by two rapid helicourease – indigenously developed rapid urease detection kits, culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The 5% aqueous extract of fermented, semi fermented and non-fermented Green tea was prepared and their antibacterial potential was explored against 35 clinical isolates of H. pylori agar well diffusion technique. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the most susceptible tea products were also carried out by Micro-dilution method for the sake of comparison.
Results: Most of the screened H. pylori isolates were resistant to more than one of the antibiotics like metronidazole and clarithromycin. The most significant activity was obtained in non-fermented green tea with an average zone of inhibition along with MIC was around 32 mm (MIC 120-150 á»±g/ml), semi fermented product showed 28 mm (MIC 140-200 á»±g/ml) showed and fermented one showed 32 mm (MIC 120-200 á»±g/ml).
Conclusion: In conclusion, our results indicated that all processed forms of green tea extracts possessed some variable level of anti H. pylori activity. But non-fermented that is freshly plucked green tea leaves without any industrial treatment has profound effect with least MIC and thus considered as a suitable and safe candidate for the eradication of H. pylori particularly drug resistant species.
Tapti Sengupta
West Bengal State University, India
Title: Characterization of pathogenic and denitrifying Pseudomonas spp. from agricultural fields isolated from various districts of West Bengal, India
Biography:
Abstract:
Denitrification is an ecological process that treats water to reduce the nitrate levels to acceptable values, both in nature and water treatment enclosures. In our study, soil samples were collected from agricultural lands with leguminous cultivation in the districts of North 24 Parganas and Hoogly of West Bengal, India. 63 samples from various agricultural felids were assessed for heterotrophic bacterial count along with their denitrifying properties. 80% of the samples were positive for Pseudomonas spp., confirmed by bacteriological and biochemical typing. 57% of the samples were positive for oxidase, catalase, citrate, mannitol and negative for indol, MR-VP, urease, glucose, lactose, and maltose suggesting the presence of Pseudomonas spp. 46% were other associated species which were Pseudomonas negative. Significant co relation was observed between soil quality parameters like TOC, phosphorus, DO, salinity and pH to the number of positive samples p≤0.05, co-relation coefficient R=0.82. The samples were pooled and molecular confirmation was done by 16SrRNA amplification showing bands at 1500bp, confirming the presence of Pseudomonas spp. The samples showed infections in the experimental zebra fishes significant at p≤0.01, and evolutionary analysis using MEGA6 confirmed the species as Pseudomonas otitidis. The pathogens having denitrifying properties were largely obtained from the Hoogly district followed by North 24 Parganas district, suggesting that the species are ubiquitous microflora of the system and they play an important role in the nitrification process. Degree of denitrification by the positive samples was significant at p≤0.05. Pseudomonas otitidis isolated from natural systems can be useful for industrial treatment of waste waters, with modification of the pathogenic trait, if cultivated on a large scale in the state of West Bengal. This study focuses on the positive quality traits of some animal pathogens, which needs to be studied
further and is the first report of its kind from these districts.
Nadeem Hafeez
Center for Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), Pakistan
Title: Heterologous expression of uncharacterized wild type and mutated Universal Stress Protein-2 (USP- 2) gene from Gossypium arboreum-FDH-171 confers osmotic and salt resistance to Pichia pastoris and Escherichia coli
Biography:
Abstract:
Cotton is a cash crop of Pakistan and Gossypium arboreum is a locally cultivated variety, which has considerable resistance against various biotic and abiotic stresses. This variety of cotton is considered as good reservoir of stress tolerance genes, while based on EST data mostly of its genes are uncharacterized. Universal stress protein-2 (USP-2) gene was identified in 15 days drought stressed leaves of G.arboreum-FDH-171. Full length of this gene was mutated at three different (M1usp-2, M2usp-2, M3usp-2) positions (fig: 1) in three separate clones in E. coli-uspABC-mutant and Pichia pastoris-gs115 strains for its functional validation under various abiotic stress treatments (NaCl 800 mM, PEG 8%, Heat 37-450C, Cold 40C). The expression of 1st mutant (M1usp-2) was noted as 8.3fold under NaCl stress and 9.7fold under PEG stress treatments, recombinant cells showed higher growth up to 10-5 dilution in spot assay as compared to control and other genes. The 2nd mutant form of USP-2 was expressed on induction but it was failed to initiate stress tolerant mechanism in both organisms. No significant difference was noted in between 3rd mutant form and wild type USP-2. However, all mutant forms showed little tolerance against heat and cold stresses. The results of this study showed that activity of USP-2 was enhanced in M1usp-2 by enhancing its ATP
binding capacity at 2X but wipe out in M2usp-2 with zero ATP-binding ability and 4X enhanced CMP capacity has no effect on activity of M3-usp-2. In silico analysis showed that 1st and 3rd mutant forms of USP-2 may directly involve in stress adaptive mechanism or it might be function as a signaling molecule to initiate stress mechanism.
Soma Kanta Baral
B.P.Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital Bharatpur, Nepal
Title: Human immuno-deficiency virus co-infection with hepatitis b virus and baseline CD4+ T cell count among patients attending a tertiary care hospital, Nepal
Biography:
Abstract:
Background: Since 1981, when the first AIDS case was reported, worldwide, more than 34 million people have been infected with HIV. Almost 95 percent of the people infected with HIV live in developing countries. As HBV & HIV share similar routes of transmission by sexual intercourse or drug use by parenteral injection, co-infection is common. Because of the limited access to healthcare & HIV treatment in developing countries, HIV-infected individuals are present late for care. Enumeration of CD4+ T cell count at the time of diagnosis has been useful to initiate the therapy in HIV infected individuals. The baseline CD4+ T cell count shows high immunological variability among patients.
Methods: This prospective study was done in the serology section of the Department of Microbiology over a period of one year from august 2012 to July 2013. A total of 13037 individuals subjected for HIV test were included in the study comprising of 4982 males & 8055 females. Blood sample was collected by vein puncture aseptically with standard operational procedure in clean & dry test-tube. All blood samples were screened for HIV as described by WHO algorithm by Immuno-chromatography rapid kits. Further confirmation was done by biokit ELISA method as per the manufacturer’s guidelines. After informed consent, HIV positive individuals were screened for HBsAg by Immuno-chromatography rapid kits (Hepacard). Further confirmation was done by biokit ELISA method as per the manufacturer’s guidelines. EDTA blood samples were collected from the HIV sero-positive individuals for baseline CD4+ T count. Then, CD4+ T cells count was determined by using FACS Calibur Flow Cytometer (BD).
Results: Among 13037 individuals screened for HIV, 104 (0.8%) were found to be infected comprising of 69(66.34%) males & 35 (33.65%) females. The study showed that the high infection was noted in housewives (28.7%), active age group (30.76%), rural area (56.7%) & in heterosexual route (80.9%) of transmission. Out of total HIV infected individuals, distribution of HBV co-infection was found to be 6(5.7%). All co-infected individuals were married, male, above the age of 25 years & heterosexual route of transmission. Baseline CD4+ T cell count of HIV infected patient was found higher (mean CD4+ T cell count; 283cells/cu.mm) than HBV coinfected patients (mean CD4+ T cell count; 91 cells/cu.mm). Majority (77.2%) of HIV infected & all coinfected
individuals were presented in our center late (CD4+ T cell count;< 350/cu. mm) for diagnosis and care. Majority of co- infected 4 (80%) were late presented with advanced AIDS stage (CD4+ count; <200/cu.mm).
Conclusions: The study showed a high percentage of HIV sero-positive & co-infected individuals. Baseline CD4+ T cell count of majority of HIV infected individuals was found to be low. Hence, more sustained and vigorous awareness campaigns & counseling still need to be done to promote early diagnosis and management.