6th Clinical Microbiology Conference October 20-22, 2016 Rome, Italy

Biography:

Professor Bill Keevil completed his PhD at the University of Birmingham and postdoctoral studies at University of Southampton School of Biological Sciences. He is Director of the Environmental Healthcare Unit and Head of the Microbiology Group. Has published more than 200 papers in reputed journals and is a Chartered Biologist with 40 years of experience of Microbiology and Biofilms. Former Specialist Advisor to the House of Commons Science & Technology Committee; Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology, Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine and Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology. Winner of the Colgate Prize.

Abstract:

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) conferring resistance to many classes of antimicrobials has resulted in a worldwide epidemic of nosocomial and community infections caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms, leading to suggestions we are returning to the pre-antibiotic era. Whilst studies have focussed on HGT in vivo, this work investigates whether the ability of pathogens to persist in the environment, particularly on touch surfaces, may also play an important role. Here we show prolonged survival of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae on stainless steel surfaces for several weeks. Plasmid mediated HGT of β-lactamase genes conferring resistance to third generation extended spectrum beta lactams and fourth generation carbapenems occurred to an azide-resistant recipient E. coli if donor and recipient cells were mixed together on contemporary stainless steel surfaces and in suspension but not on copper alloy surfaces. This transfer occured almost instantaneously, even when the surface was dry and the pathogens survived many days of dry contact, providing an environmental hygiene risk and a reservoir for the acquisition and dissemination of new antibiotic resistant strains. In addition, rapid death of both antibiotic-resistant strains and destruction of plasmid and genomic DNA was observed on copper and copper alloy surfaces which could be useful in the prevention of infection spread and gene transfer in the healthcare and public transportation environments, particularly where cleaning and disinfection practice is not 24/7.

Biography:

Margitta Dathe studied physics at the Humboldt University of Berlin and completed her PhD in 1978 from the Academy of Sciences of the GDR. Since 1999 she has been working as head of the peptide-lipid interaction research group of the Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology. Her research interest is focused on targeting, cellular uptake promoting and antimicrobial peptides. She has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

The synthetic cyclic hexapeptide cWFW (cyclo(RRRWFW)) is very stable towards proteolytic degradation, low pH and has a high activity against different Gram positive and Gram negative laboratory strains and clinical pathogens, including S. aureus and L. monocytogenes. With its amphipathic structure and high content of arginine residues, the peptide combines the prerequisites for membrane permeabilisation and membrane translocation as modes of action [1-3]. Using a number of techniques to study peptide interaction with bacterial and eukaryotic model membranes as well as with bacterial and eukaryotic cells, we could show that the activity of cWFW is based on a novel antimicrobial mechanism. Strong interactions with the bacterial membrane lead to reduction in membrane fluidity and disturbance of the native lipid matrix. The formation of distinct lipid domains is related to a severe disturbance in the positioning of functional proteins which finally leads to cell death. While the peptide does not enter the cytoplasm of bacteria, cWFW is rapidly internalized into human cells without decreasing cell viability. The combination of cell penetrating properties with high antimicrobial activity and the novel mechanism of action renders the cyclic hexapeptide an eligible compound with regard to the treatment of intracellular bacterial infections, as e.g. in the case of tuberculosis and pneumonia

Biography:

Alex Pym is an Investigator at AHRI (African Health Research Institute) in Durban, South Africa. Trained in Clinical Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Mycobacterial Genetics he completed his PhD research at the Institute Pasteur, Paris, followed by post-doctoral studies at Stanford University. He has a broad research experience, and has published on Esx secretion systems, recombinant TB vaccines, and population genetics of M.tuberculosis. He subsequently worked in South Africa on clinical drug development of bedaquiline in MDR-TB patients. Now at AHRI, his laboratory is focussed on understanding the biological basis of resistance and persistence in M. tuberculosis and defining biomarkers of treatment response.

Abstract:

The continued advance of antibiotic resistance threatens the treatment and control of many

infectious diseases. This is exemplified by the largest global outbreak of extensively drug resistant

(XDR) tuberculosis (TB) identified at Tugela Ferry, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, in

2005. It is unclear whether the emergence of XDR-TB was due to recent inadequacies in TB control or other factors. Using whole genome sequencing on clinical and historical isolates we demonstrate the evolution of drug resistance over a 50 year period and identify a common mutational pathway responsible  for multiple episodes of de novo evolution. By combining association and correlated evolution tests with strategies for amplifying signal from rare variants, we were also able to identify new mutations associated with resistance. One of these was a loss-of-function mutations in ald (alanine dehydrogenase) which conferred resistance to D-cycloserine and emerged independent of antibiotic selection in the evolution of animal adapted strains of the M. tuberculosis complex. 

Biography:

Alexandre Thibodeau has completed his PhD at the University of Montreal and is currently doing postdoctoral studies at the NSERC industrial research chair in meat safety in Dr Ann Letellier laboratory at the Faculty of veterinary medicine of the University of Montreal. He is a specialist of Campylobacter jejuni and his postdoctoral research focuses mainly of C. jejuni and the chicken microbiome.

Abstract:

Antibiotic resistance development is a challengefor bothhumanand veterinary medicine. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC: F4) associated withpost-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs has developed resistanceagainstseveralantimicrobial families, leading to an increase use of colistin sulfate (CS) for the treatment of this disease.The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of oral CS treatment in experimental PWD due to ETEC: F4 challenge and determine the effect of this therapeutic regimeninE. coli resistance apparition. In this study, 48 pigs were divided intofour groupsof12pigs each: challenged treated, challenged untreated, unchallengedtreatedand unchallenged untreated group. Fecal ETEC: F4, total E. coli population, CS-resistant E. coli shedding were evaluated. The MIC was carried out by microdilution method using a sterile 96-well polystyrene microplate. CS treatment resulted in areductionof fecal ETEC: F4 and E. coli population shedding butonly during the treatment period. However, CS treatment resulted in an increase in fecal shedding of CS resistant E. coli. Results indicated thatsomeE. coliisolateswereconfirmedresistant to CS. Our study is among the first to demonstrate that under controlled farming conditions, CSwas effective to reducefecal shedding of ETEC: F4 and total E.coli population in experimental PWD. However, CS treatment was associated with a selection pressure on E. coli. Further studies areneededinfield conditions, to better characterizeCS E. coli resistance dissemination in meat and in the environment.

Biography:

MLG Daroy is Scientist at the Research and Biotechnology of St. Luke’s Medical Center and Assistant Professor in the MS Molecular Medicine Program of the St. Luke’s College of Medicine-WHQ Memorial. She has published more than 20 papers on dengue, Japanese encephalitis, chikungunya, eye infections, dementia, diabetes, and coronary artery disease. She was Chair of the Board of Examiners of the Philippine Academy for Microbiology from 2013-2015, and authored a book chapter on Philippine microbiology research. Researches include dengue, chikungunya, diarrhea, CNS infections, pathogen genomics, antimicrobial resistance, plant antivirals, molecular diagnostics, and genetics of CVD, thyroid cancer, and dementia. Word Count: 100

Abstract:

The Philippines is a hotspot for the emergence of antibiotic-resistant “superbugs,” such as fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli and carbapenemase-carrying Klebsiellapneumoniae. This paper reports on the use of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics techniques for the the genome-wide analysis of genetic variation influoroquinolone-resistant E. coli, carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, ESBL-positive K. pneumoniae, and a carbapenem-resistant Stenotrophomonasmaltophila. These bacteria were isolated in 2013-2014 from clinical specimens of patients confinedat St. Luke’s Medical Center in Manila, Philippines. De novo assembly, primary structural and functional annotations, gene search and SNV analyses performed on pooled reads identified several resistance determinants. Plasmid-borne New Delhi β-lactamase genes, blaNDM-1 and blaNDM-7, were found in K. pneumoniae, as well asstop codon mutations in the ompK35 and ompK36 porin genes.SNVs in the genomes of susceptible and fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli were identified in scaffolds derived from pooled reads, which were then mapped against reference sequences of two susceptible and one fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli. In silico filtering of SNVs using a subtraction strategy selected for variants that may be associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in 23 genes involved in transport, respiratory chain, oxidative stress, iron metabolism and bacterial cell death. The functional association of these variants and putative pathways offluoroquinolone resistance involving them were derived by mining gene annotations. This strategy of combining whole genome analyses with in silico identification of significant variants and searching gene ontologies for functional associations is useful to guide functional genomics studies on the development of antibiotic resistance in common clinical pathogens like E. coli and K. pneumoniae.

Biography:

Viktoryia has graduated  fromVitebsk State Medical University at the age of 23. She is the doctor in Vitebsk Regional Hospital. She has published more than 68 papers in reputed journals and other scientific papers.

Abstract:

Objective: to investigate the etiological structure and antimicrobial resistance of  pathogensisolated from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Materials and methods.We examined sputum of 49 patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. The criterion for selection of patients was the duration of mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours.
Results.Staphylococcus aureus was found in 33.3% specimens, Acinetobacter spp.  –in33.3%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa–in 15.4 %, Klebsiella pneumoniae- in 7.7%, Candida– in 12,8%, Streptococcus spp.–in 2,6% specimens.Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to vancomycin in 100% of casesand  to amikacin in 38.5 % of cases. All strains  ofStaphylococcus aureus were methicillin-resistant. 100% of strains were resistant to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, 92,3% - toclindamicin.

Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosawere sensitive to colistinin 100% of cases, to  amikacin in 16.6% of cases.All isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to meropenem, imipenem, cefepime, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, ciprofloxacin.
46.2% of isolates of Acinetobacter spp. were sensitive to ampicillin in combination with sulbactam.92.3% of isolates of Acinetobacter spp. were sensitiveto cefoperazone-sulbactam. Acinetobacter spp. was resistant to amikacin, meropenem, imipenem, levofloxacin, cefoperazone, cefepime, ciprofloxacin.
All isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were sensitive to imipenem, 66.7% of Klebsiella pneumoniae- to meropenem and amikacin. Klebsiella pneumoniae was resistant to amoxicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, cefoperazone, ofloxacin in 100% of cases.
Conclusions.
1. Modern epidemiological feature of ventilator-associated pneumonia is the prevalence in the etiological structure of gram-negative microflora, represented mainly by Acinetobacter spp.
2. It is recommended to use vancomycin or linezolidagainst Staphylococcus aureus, colistin  againstPseudomonas aeruginosa,cefoperazone-sulbactam against Acinetobacter spp. and imipenem against Klebsiella pneumoniae.

 

Biography:

Demet Çelebi has complated university Ataturk University Biyology Department, MSC; Atatürk University Medical Faculty Microbiolgy, PHD; Atatürk University Medical Faculty Microbiolgy .Working now Ataturk University Veterinary Faculty. She has got studies about; Effect of Kefir upon the Performance, Intestinal Micro flora and Histopathology of Certain Organs in Laying Hens, Comparison of Surface Swab and Quantitative Biopsy Cultures Dependent on Isolated Microorganisms from BurnWounds, Prevalence of metallo-β-lactamase among Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from burn wounds and in vitroactivities of antibiotic combinations against these isolates and posters presentation four in Turkey, one in Cyprusandone in Germany about different microbiology topics.

Abstract:

Aim: The increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria has dramatically revived the interest in plant products as alternative anti microbial agents to prevent the efficiency of pathogenic microorganisms. Our aim in this study is to show the anti microbial activities of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia), tarragon (Artemisiadra cunculus) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) oils against the clinically important bacteria and yeasts. Materials and method: The anti microbial activity of the cinnamon, tarragon and ginger oils were tested against Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Proteusmirabilis, Pseudomonas, MRKNS, Enterococcusspp., Staffilococcusaureus, Enterobacteraerugenes, Candida spp and E.coli. Essential oils of cinnamon,tarragon and ginger were extracted by steam distillation, final yield of extraction 0.5, the volume of EO extract was adjusted to 100 ml with sterile distilled water, thus obtaining the crude essential oil extracts used for anti microbial tests. Disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) was used to show the anti microbial activity by measuring the zone diameters. Turbidity was visually adjusted to that of a 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard (1.5x 10 ~ CFU/ml) using sterile Mueiler-Hinton broth and after 24 hours. 0.1 ml for each oils, Sterile filter paper disks were prepared to a diameter of 6.35 mm and sterilized in a Pasteur-oven, (at 170~ for 2 hour). Volatile oils and extracts were sterilized by passing through 0.22 mm pore-size membrane filters and then 0.02 ml of the solution of volatile oils was pipetted into the center of each disk to achieve the desired potency. Disks were air-dried in a contamination free environment. Results:The cinnamon oil show an anti microbial activity against the tested micro organisms with different zone. Citrobacter 25mm, Klebsiella 18mm, P.mirabilis 23 mm, Pseudomonas 15mm, MRKNS 22mm, Enterococcus 70 mm, S.aureus 32 mm, Enterobacter 19 mm, Candidaspp 18 mm and E.coli 10 mm. Ginger and tarrogon oil wasn’t show an anti mirobial activity against bacteria and candida. Conclusion:.The cinnemon oil has a stronger anti microbial activity than the tarragon and ginger oils. Herbal essential oils are candidates to be alternatives in medical applications due to their anti-microbial effects.

Biography:

ÇiÄŸdem Eda Balkan has complated university acettepe University Biyology Department in 2009, MSC; Atatürk University Medical Faculty Microbiolgy 2011, PHD; Atatürk University Medical Faculty Microbiolgy 2016. She has got studies about;Investigation of Children Aged 0-5 in Erzurum Rotavirus and Adenovirus Frequency (2012), Turkish Society of Microbiology journal, Effects of Boiling Dairy Products on Human Brucellosis(2013) (Eurasian Journal of Medicine), Antibacterial Activity of Rose Thyme, Centaury and Ozone Oıls Against Some Bacterıas (2015) (Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences) and six posters presentation four in Turkey, one in Cyprusandone in Germany about different microbiology topics.

Abstract:

In our study, our target is to review the bacterial drug resistance from blood samples of chickens in different antibiotic diets. We used 4 groups of 20 chickens. Each group was put on diet for 30 days with Tetracycline (30mg/kg), Penicillin (20mg/kg), Sulfonamid (30mg/kg) or Floroquinolone (40mg/kg) group of antibiotics. The sensitivity of E.coli, Stapycoccus spp. , Citrobacter spp. , Klebsiella spp. was observed in the mediums prepared from blood samples of the groups and compared with the results of previous studies. Compared with the previous sensitivity; it is observed that Trimethoprime resistance was present in E.Coli which passaged in the antibiotic feed chickens blood media. According to our results in this study, it was understood that bacterial resistance may be seen at the chickens when the chickens are feed with antibiotics due to that these antibiotics are available at their bloods.

Biography:

Neveen Saleh has completed her PhD at age of 34 years from Ain Shams University and has got postdoctoral studies from Massachusetts, Amherst (UMASS) University in Nanotechnology, Chemistry department. She is now amicrobiological researcher in National organization for drug control and research. She has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Antibiotics have been widely used for the treatment of infectious disease owing to their ability to specifically target bacterial cells. However, aworld-wide increase in the disease/infections caused by Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria has become a great threat to public health. Synthetic materials such as polymers and nanoparticles exhibit broad spectrum activity against bacterial species, but NPs lack specificity and can cause toxicity to mammalian cells leading to restrictions on their use. The combination of antibiotics and NPs is a promising therapeutic approach to combat MDR bacteria as it can reduce the requirement of high dosages as well as enhance their antimicrobial activities. Conventional methods for the treatment of MDR infections involve acombination of different antibiotics. However, they are susceptible to lose their efficacy due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Here, we hypothesize that combining the specificity of antibiotics and broad spectrum activity of NPs could yield synergistic combinations for antimicrobial therapy against MDR infections. However, engineering of NPs can increase the selectivity of combination therapy. In order to test this hypothesis, we used hydrophobic functionalized C12-AuNPs that can strongly interact with bacteria. C12-AuNPs in combination with fluoroquinolone antibiotics displayed 4-fold decrease in the MIC values against MDR E.Coli. Synergy arising from combination therapy was attributed to the ability of engineered NPs to act as efflux pump inhibitors. This was validated by theaccumulation of EtBr inside the bacterial cells upon incubation with NPs. Moreover, using proteomics analysis these cells exhibited altered expression of outer membrane proteins which are responsible for several drug resistance mechanisms such as efflux pump channels, porins, and lipoproteins.

Biography:

Marina Tediashvili graduated from Tbilisi State University.PhD workconductedat Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages inTbilisi andIvanovsky Institute of Virology in Moscow. PhD degree awarded by TSU in 1980. Postdoctoral studies:Institute of Medical Enzymology in Moscow and Cancer Reserch Center in Tbilisi. The major part of Dr.Tediashvili’s career has been linked to the Eliava Isntitute of Bacteriophages, where shecurrentlyruns the Laboratory for Microbial Ecology.Her scientific interests are Medical and Environmental Microbiology with main focus on phage research and phage therapy, development of biocontrol strategies of bacterial infections in humans, animals and plants.Dr.Tediashvili is professor of Microbiology at the University of Georgia and Tvilidiani Medical University in Tbilisi.

Abstract:

One Health concept, asa worldwide interdisciplinary strategy, targets the health issues linked to the increasing contacts between humans and animals, intensification and integration of agriculture and food production, expansion of international travel, bioterrorism threats, climate change, ecological stressors etc. Many infectious pathologies have been shared by humans and animals, some phytopathogenic bacteria can evolve as human opportunistic pathogens, the changing conditions in aquatic environments can trigger the development of more virulent strains of waterborne bacteria potentially pathogenic to humans. Bacterialvirusesarewidely spread in the biosphere, controlling the diversity and density of bacterial populations in various ecosystems. During up to 100 years history of phage research naturally occurring lytic phages have been found for majority of important pathogens of humans, animals and plants. Thisprovides a viable resource for development of effective phage-based control strategy consistent with “ One Health” approach. Emergence and re- emergence of life- threatening drug- resistant bacterial infections in the last two decades gave a new insight at the potential of bacteriophages as alternative to antibiotics, capable to eliminate or significantly reduce the use of chemical antimicrobials in various spheres of human activity. The presentation will cover the valuable experience in human phage therapy accumulated at the Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages as well as recent research developments aimed at phage application for control of bacterial diseases in livestock and aquaculture, for food safety and crop protection, also environmental decontamination.

Biography:

Rao Ph.D, worked as Professor of Micro biology ,Parasitology , immunology and Epidemiology in many Universities in India, China, Nepal, Libya, and Philippines . Currently I am working at Avalon University School of Medicine, Curacao, Netherland Antilles. I have more than 40 years of teaching and research experience. Supervised 3 students forPh.D, 8 students forM.Phil, 3 students submitted their Ph.D thesis to the Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur ,AP, India and waiting for degree. Authored 18 text books. Three Universities appointed me as their advisor and three universities with fellowships.

Abstract:

Warm countries are the worm countries". Parasitic infection is a global health problem especially in developing countries. Emerging parasitic diseases are those diseases that have been newly appeared or that have existed in the past but are now rapidly increasing in frequency, geographical range or both. Emerging zoonotic diseases hamper both human and animal health and cause economic loss. The ecosystem is increasingly and continually being put in to turmoil by human acts such as deforestation and global warming with the resultant alteration in the distribution and behavior of parasites and their vectors. Ecologic changes, demographic changes, behavioral changes, travel and immigration are also contributed in emerging and reemerging parasitic infection. These infections will continue to emerge and reemerge leading to unpredictable epidemics and challenges for the clinicians /scientists. Hence there is urgent need of surveillance and control. Dracunculus is almost eradicated but it is reemerging. African trypanosomiasis, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, emerging as new out breaks. High level of innovation triggered on genomics, RNA biology,proteomics,genomics, nanotechnology,nanoscience, and animal models. The strategic focus is on technology development in the areas of bio therapeutics, cell therapy, vaccines, diagnostics, bio markers,advanced pharmaceutical sciences and clinical research for improvement of health and free from parasitic diseases. Challenges and risks in governance management certainly prevent the reemerging parasitic infection.

Biography:

Patricia Poeta, is Full Professor at UTAD, Portugal. PhD in Veterinary Medicine and specialist in Medical Microbiology. Coordinator of the Research Group of Antibiotic resistance and head of Medical Microbiology Laboratory. Director of several doctoral and masters’ theses. Also responsible for research projects funded by private companies and inter-university projects, teaches International courses and Master’s degree. Has published more than 100 articles in journals from the SCI, book chapters, communications at international scientific meetings. Received 16 awards.

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to synthesize and investigate the antibacterial properties of functionalized AgNPs-TET and AuNPs-TET complexes, evaluating their antimicrobial effect on antibiotic resistant bacteria with public health concerning. Strains tested were E. coli ST648 and S. aureus ST398, both resistant to tetracycline, and the control strains E. coli K12 and S. aureus ATCC 25923, susceptible to tetracycline. MIC and MBC tests were performed on LB medium. Control cultures without nanoparticles and/or tetracycline were included in all experiments. Our results are supported by innumerous previous studies reporting that AgNPs are exquisite bactericides and, as AuNPs, they both are suitable antibiotic carriers (Brown et al., 2012; Li et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2014). Nevertheless, direct comparisons between our results from other studies are difficult because the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles used differ, since the functionalization of nanoparticles in this study was made in aqueous phase instead of silica matrix, and the protocols to assess antimicrobial activity diverge among studies. We compared the potential of AuNPs and AgNPs used as tetracycline delivery systems and showed evidences that both agents succeed on inhibiting bacterial growth. Also, AgNPs functionalized with tetracycline had an inhibitory and bactericidal ability even against Gram-negative and Gram-positive tetracycline-resistant bacteria. The functionalization of nanoparticles with antibiotics could be a potent prospective therapeutic method to overcome infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Future studies should focus on functionalization of nanoparticles with other antibiotics, testing their antimicrobial efficiency against a broader spectrum of pathogens, prevention on biofilm formation on in vivo and in inert substrates.

Biography:

Ségolène Caboche has completed his PhD in Computer Sciences in 2009 from Lille University and postdoctoral studies from European Bioinformatics Institute (UK) in 2009-2010. Her research interest is focused on high-throughput sequencing data. She is the author of 11 international publications and a regular reviewer for several high-impact internantional journals. She joined the Transcriptomics and Applied Genomics team in 2011 and co-advised PhD students in bioinformatics.

Abstract:

Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies open new perspectives in diagnostic microbiology (management of infected patients) and in epidemiology of infectious diseases. The Whole-Genome Sequencing application has significantly increased our knowledge of microorganism genomes and has facilitated investigations in clinical microbiology, but from concept to routine use, some bottlenecks still need to be unlocked. One of these is the step of data analysis which requires bioinformatic expertise, needs to be reproducible and is often time consuming. Here we present MICRA, a freely available on-line pipeline to quickly and automatically characterize microbial genomes from HTS data. MICRA requires only the raw sequencing data (fastq) as input and then automatically finds the most closely related genomes based on sequence similarity (called reference genomes) and establish lists of discrepancies in term of genes and plasmids content and in term of variations compared to reference genomes. Optional modules allows the user to obtain Venn diagrams to quickly compare the gene content and/or the variations list between several strains. Another module identifies drug susceptibility and resistance genes and generates an e-antibiogram of the analyzed strain. All the steps included in MICRA were optimized in time. For example, for a PGM Ion Torrent run containing more than 2 million of 200-bases reads, the pipeline requires only 15 minutes to generate a full analysis. Diagnostic microbiology and epidemiology of infectious diseases, will benefit from such pipeline as it defines a new standard of genome-based diagnosis combining results from a former time-consuming and heterogeneous multiple step method.

Biography:

Rossella Colomba Lelli has completed his PhD at the age of 24 years from Bologna University, Italy and postdoctoral studies from Pisa University, School of Veterinary Medicine. She is the Laboratory Head of Epidemiology Dpt, IZSAM, a Ministry of Health Gov. organization. She has been working long time on Italian foreign animal disease, i.e. FMD, West Nile Disease, Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, Bluetongue and Brucellosis epidemics. She has experience on research coordination on animal infectious diseases and food safety, good laboratory practices and Quality Assurance. She has published more over 150 papers in international scientific journals.

Abstract:

In Italy, the Veterinary Public Health concept, linked to “Human-animal-ecosystems interface”, International Cooperation and Contribution to the economy of Countries, is connected with the history of the Veterinary Medicine Faculties’ curricula, the Veterinary Services and their organization, under the umbrella of Ministry of Health. This is the main reason to have the consumers as the main focus of the Veterinary activities. At international level, the concept of Veterinary Public Health has evolved over time, and today is considered as "the sum of the contributions to the physical, mental and social development of people through the knowledge and application of veterinary science" (WHO, 1999). On the subject of Cooperation, Sustainability and Public Health, it is necessary to take into account the EXPO 2015 event, and the activities of international organizations such as the WHO, the FAO and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). These organizations are focusing their mandate on the defense of Health worldwide, on the interrelation Man-Animal-Environment, and on the aim to protect the public health and the economy in the poorest Countries to also protect the health and the economy of the developed Countries. It is made a brief analysis of the activities that the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale "G. Caporale” (IZSAM), Italy, has put in place for International Cooperation during his mandate, as a Government Institute of the Ministry of Health. The main focus are infectious diseases, food safety, microbiological studies and research.

Biography:

Waleed Al momani has completed his PhD in 2005 from Kings College London University. Currently he is an associate professor of diagnostic microbiology at department of allied medical sciences, Balqa; Applied University, Jordan. He has published more than 27 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a reviewer of international peer reviewed journals.

Abstract:

The field of coordination chemistry has registered a phenomenal growth during last few decades. It is well known that precious metals have been used for medicinal purposes for at least 3500 years. At that time, precious metals were believed to benefit health because of their rarity, but research has now well established the link between medicinal properties of inorganic drugs and specific biological properties. The current study was designed to explain the synthesis and characterization of the lanthanide (III) nitrate complexes with N-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl) methylene) nicotinohydrazideschiff base and to evaluatethe antibacterial and the antioxidant activities of the schiff base and it's lanthanide ion complexes.Antimicrobial activity of the Lanthanide (III) nitrate complexes with N-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl) methylene) nicotinohydrazideschiff base was estimated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, µg/mL) using a micro-broth dilution method for different clinical isolates such as Eschereshia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. Our present study has shown that moderate antimicrobial activity exists against both ligand and its complexes. There was no significant difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria towards the tested ligand and its complexes. The results obtained herein indicate that the ligand and its complexes havea considerable antibacterial activity

Biography:

Lucio Souza Gonçalves is Associate Professor of Periodontology at the Estacio de Sá University (Post-Graduate Program – Master and PhD) and Research Affiliate in Oral Microbiology at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ - Brazil). He received his Dental Degree (1988), Master’s degree in Periodontology (2000), and PhD in Oral Microbiology (2006) from the UFRJ - Brazil. He also completed a Postdoctoral Research Fellowship at the University of Otago (2014) in a collaborative research with Dr. Gregory J. Seymour and Dr. Nicholas Heng on a study involving oral microbiome in HIV-infected Brazilian children using an Ion Torrent sequencing platform.

Abstract:

The periodontal microbiota is composed of a highly complex bacterial multispecies community organized in biofilms. The composition of the periodontal microbiota in HIV- infection has demonstrated a higher prevalence of periodontal pathogens in non-HIV-infected than HIV-infected individuals. However, microorganisms not commonly associated with periodontitis have frequently been detected in subgingival sites of HIV-infected patients, including Staphylococcus epidermidis, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium difficile, Mycoplasma salivarium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanni, Dialister pneumosintes and Entamoeba gingivalis. In particular, E. faecalis has been more prevalent in the subgingival microbiota of HIV-infected patients with reduced levels of TCD4+ lymphocytes (<200 cells/mm3), suggesting that HIV-related immunodeficiency can provide appropriate conditions for the colonization and growth of opportunistic pathogens that are unusual in the oral microbiota. In addition, it has been demonstrated that detectable plasmatic HIV viral load (PHVL) in HIV-infected patients is associated with elevated levels of known periodontal pathogens such as Prevotella nigrescens, Tannerella forsythia, and Eikenella corrodens, as well as Campylobacter concisus, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, and Dialister pneumosintes in the subgingival biofilm, and that these associations are not related with CD4+ T lymphocytes levels. Another interesting microbiological finding is that HIV can be found in the subgingival biofilme. In a recent study, the detection and quantification of HIV in subgingival biofilme of 20 individuals with detectable PHVL, 40% showed detectable subgingival HIV viral load (SHVL). On the other hand, all patients with undetectable PHVL demonstrated also undetectable SHVL. This can be influenced by the CD4+ T lymphocytes levels.

Biography:

Prabha U Krishnan, MBBS, MD, Dip NB(Micro), FRCPath, DTM&H(Lond) is a Senior Consultant in Laboratory Medicine and the Deputy Head of the National Public Health Laboratory, Singapore. She is als an Adj. Associate Professor  and the Lead for Microbiology at the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore. Her areas of special interest are multi-drug resistant pathogens and nosocomial infections.

Abstract:

The local epidemiology of CPE has been evolving over the last decade; since 2010, this 1500-bed-hospital has adopted an expanding screening program for CPE detection.  The high-risk screening strategy has been replaced by a  combined proactive (selective on-entry screening) and reactive (contact-tracing) strategy for early identification of asymptomatic carriers. Between 2010 and 2015, the number of CPE detected on screening has increased from one to 31, genotypes from one to eight and enterobacterial species  from three to 14.  Laboratory protocols too have evolved over this period. A rectal swab (or stool sample) was initially processed using the CDC-TSB-Enrichment-Method with 10-µg ertapenem disc. Since 2013, to improve turn-around-time and sensitivity, samples were plated onto chromogenic agar (chromID^TM CARBA, bioMérieux) and colonies with characteristic colours were investigated further. From April 2016 the selective plate has been changed to chromID^TM CARBA-SMART Agar to improve detection of OXA-48-type CPE. Species identification is by MALDI-ToF-MS (Bruker Daltonics) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by VITEK-2 (bioMérieux Vitek, Inc.), interpreted according to revised (June 2010) breakpoints set by CLSI. A few isolates harbouring OXA-48-type and IMI-1 carbapenemases were not detected with this protocol. The genotype of meropenem non-susceptible isolates was determined using a multiplex RT-PCR assay targeting Class A (KPC, IMI, GES, SME), Class B (NDM, IMP, VIM) and Class D (OXA_-48-type) carbapenemases.  No one protocol is ideal for the early detection of all CPEs; an algorithm to investigate all Enterobacteriaceae with meropenem MIC  > 0.25 mgs/L as proposed by Hrabák J. et al could lead to a more sensitive CPE detection workflow

Biography:

Abstract:

In Slovakia vaccination against measles was introduced in 1969. Firstly it began with monovalent (1969 - M), then we used bivalent (1987 – MM) and trivalent (1992 –MMR) vaccine. Our aims were to analyse vaccination coverage by MCV1 and MCV2 and their impact on measles incidence at national and regional levels. We made retrospective review of measles vaccination reported from 2000 to 2015. Cohort studies  evaluating measles vaccination coverage in 24-months old children born between 1996 and 2013 (MCV1) and 10-years-old children born between 1987 to 2003 (MCV 2) were conducted. The data were obtained from the databases of the Epidemiological Information System of the Slovak Republic and from the regular annually controls in Slovakia, 2000-2015. Since 1999, measles has been eliminated, only imported cases were reported in our country. The vaccination coverage remained at the highest levels (98.0-99.9%). In the last children cohorts (born in 2011, 2012, 2013) MCV1 decreased from 96.8% (2011) to 93.9% (2013) and MCV2 to 97.6% (2003) at national level. MCV1 at regional level was from 90.1% (2013) to 98.2% (2011) and MCV2 from 95.8% to 99.1% (2003). Children born in 2013 - only 40 (50.7%) districts reached level 95.0% and more, 31 (39.2%) reached from 90% to 94.9% and 8 (10.1%) districts had less that 90.0% vaccination coverage. Decrease of MCV2 in adolescents (2003) below 90.0% only 2 (2.5%) districts. Our analysis showed positive impact of vaccination against measles. Increasing of anti-vaccination activities and risk populations (Romany population, migrants) are the main factors affecting the vaccination coverage.

This  work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Support Agency under the Contract No. APVV-0096-12 (EPIBIOMAT).

Biography:

Abstract:

Over the past several decades epidemiological situation in Slovakia was affectedd by vaccination using combine M-M-R vaccine (against measles, mumps and rubella). Obligatory measles vaccination started in Slovakia in 1969, against rubella in 1984 and mumps vaccination in 1987 with bivalent vaccine (against measles and mumps). In Slovakia trivalent vaccine (M-M-R) has been used since 1992. Objectives of our work were to describe the impact of vaccination strategy on mumps incidence at national level and to assess the risk factors. The data were collected from the Epidemiological Information System of the Slovak Republic (EPIS). Until 1988 a few thousands cases of parotiditis per year occurred in Slovakia. After introduction of the vaccination in 1987, a declining trend and gradual transfer of the disease to the older age groups were observed. Several hundreds of cases were  reported from 1988 to 1998, only a few dozens of cases occurred until 2006. Between 2007 and 2012 only 2 – 5 cases were reported in the EPIS. Change occurred in 2013 with incidence from 218 (4.03 / 100,000) to 1707 (31.49 / 100,000) in 2015. In the long term vaccination coverage against measles, mumps and rubella according to the years of birth is 99%.  Last controlled cohorts (2011, 2012, 2013) showed a decline in vaccination coverage to 96% at national, under 95% at regional level. M-M-R vaccine applied to the children (MCV1) and adolescents (MCV2) plays a significant role in these diseases prevention and elimination. Risk factors infulencing mumps outbreaks are a decrease in vaccination coverage and risk population groups (little children and minority population).

This  work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Support Agency under the Contract No. APVV-0096-12 (EPIBIOMAT).

Biography:

Luis Guzman J., has worked in the area of natural products, especially in the Research and Development of Bioactive Products. He is a profesor at the Faculty of Health at the University of Talca, Chile and external consultant of Fraunhofer Chile Research in the area of Nanomedicine.

Abstract:

Bacteria demonstrate impressive effectiveness in adapting to changing environmental challenges. In contrast to most drugs in other medical fields, antibacterial drugs aim at shifting targets and, hence, lose their effectiveness over time. A novel approach for antibacterial compounds is the utilization of ionic liquids, formerly known as molten salts, constitute one of the hottest areas in chemistry these days.

Different N-styryl imidazolium salts with different alkyl size chain (1, 6 and 8 carbon atoms) were synthesized using microwave radiation, under solvent-free condition. The resulting ionic liquids were cooled at room temperature and washed with EtOAc to remove the starting reagents and concentrated under high vacuum to afford N-styryl methyilimidazolium ([SMIM]Cl), N-styryl hexilimidazolium ([SHIM]Cl) and N-styryl octylimidazolium ([SOIM]Cl) chlorides.

The antibacterial activity was tested against S. aureus, E. coli, S. epidermidis and S. pyogenes bacterial strains, using a modified Kirby-Bauer method and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using concentration of the ionic liquids ranging from 7.8 μM to 1 mM.

Motivated by secure and eco-friendly protocols we reported the synthesis of different N-styryl imidazolium salts employing microwave radiation under solvent-free condition as a Green Chemistry approach. The resulting ionic liquids were soluble in MeOH and H₂O, showing a good antibacterial activity with MIC ranging from 62.5 μM to 15.6 μM depending on the bacteria studied, also a positive correlation was found between the large of the alkyl size chain (1 and 6 carbon atoms) and the antibacterial activity.

Bacteria as S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli and S. pyogenes plays a widespread role in a variety of infections combined with accentuated antibiotic resistance, making these organism a significant threat to the industry and medical community, that is why that the antibacterial properties of the N-Styryl alkylimidazolium ionic liquids with specific properties as different alkyl size chain and the incorporation of a cation in the structure along with the utilization of eco-friendly synthesis, does to these compounds a promising tool for a new class of antibacterial agents.

Biography:

Nataliya Piletska is a final year medical student of King’s College London due to begin her foundation year placement in Oxford University Hospitals Trust this autumn. She has a special interest in microbiology and paediatrics, intending to continue participating in research alongside her work. Claire Stewart graduated with distinction from the King’s College London School of Medicine and has a BSc degree in International Health from University College London. She is a Paediatric Trainee at the London School of Paediatrics, currently working at the Evelina Children’s Hospital in Paediatric Surgery. She has published 10 papers, presented in 33 conferences worldwide and recently won the Georgia Fieldsend International Medical Research Award.

Abstract:

The purpose of this audit was to investigate the use of antibiotics in the management of the most common surgical emergency, acute appendicitis. Data was compiled from all appendicectomies performed over a 12-month period at the Evelina London Children’s Hospital, from Jan 2014-15. In the sample of 101 patients, 66 had been diagnosed with acute appendicitis. Of these patients, both electronic and paper-based information was collected regarding their antibiotic treatment. The most common bacteria cultured was Escherichia Coli, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, then mixed anaerobes. In a third of cases, no swabs were taken. 34% of swabs taken grew no bacteria. On average patients received a total of 5 days of intravenous followed by 4 days of oral antibiotic therapy. Co-amoxiclav and Gentamicin were the most frequently used antibiotics, commonly in combination, often alongside Metronidazole as ‘triple therapy’ (Table 1). This audit studies the bacteriological epidemiology of acute appendicitis, which antibiotics are most frequently prescribed during the admission and on discharge, their route, duration, frequency and any change to the regimen either indicated by bacteriological swab results or clinical picture. The aim is to guide and improve guidelines and indications for antibiotic management.

Biography:

Mariela Srednik is doing her PhD at the University of Buenos Aires (UBA). She is veterinarian and has completed her Specialization in Quality and Food Control and her Master’s in Biotechnology at UBA. She is Assistant Teacher in Microbiology at the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences at UBA. She did several internships at Université de Montreal, Canada. She has published 3 papers, one in a national journal and two in reputed international journals; these past months, she had submitted 2 more manuscripts in collaboration with the Université de Montréal.

Abstract:

Bovine mastitis causes important economic losses in the dairy industry. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are commonly isolated from bovine mastitis. β-lactams and macrolides-lincosamides (ML) antibiotics are frequently used in intrammamary therapy. CNS can be considered reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes. The gene blaZ confer resistance to some β-lactam antimicrobials whereas the mecA and mecC genes confer resistance to all β-lactams. The genes ermA, ermB, ermC, mefA, msrA, mphC and lnuA confer resistance to ML antimicrobials. S. aureus resistance to β-lactams in Argentina is 23.1%. Among 80 S. aureus isolates, 32 (40%) were positive to blaZ gene and 15 (18.75%) were carriers of ML resistant genes: ermB and mefA (n=4), ermB (n=2) mefA (n=3), ermB, ermC and mefA (n=1), ermA, ermB, ermC and mefA (n=1), ermB, mefA, lnuA and msrA (n=1), ermC, ermB and lnuA (n=1), ermA (n=1) and lnuA (n=1). Among 90 CNS isolates, 12 (13.3%), 4 (4.4%), and 1 (1.1%) were positive for blaZ, mecA and mecC genes, respectively. Both blaZ and mecA genes were only found in one isolate whereas 6 (6.7%) isolates were resistant to ML antimicrobials via the following genes: ermC (n=1), ermB and ermC (n=2), ermB, ermC and mphC (n=1), mphC (n=1), and mphC and mrsA (n=1). The recently described mecC gene has been detected by PCR in a few CNS of animal origin only around Europe. We describe here for the first time a mecC positive isolate of CNS from bovine mastitis in Argentina. Identification of mastitis pathogens is important for selecting appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes are potential threat to public health

Biography:

Miss Pimwan Thongdee has completed my PhD at the age of 28 years from Thammasat University, Thailand. I am a product specialist, i+MED Laboratories Company Limited. I have published 3 papers in reputed journals before I have completed my PhD.

Abstract:

Prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) is the most crucial prostanoid produced in the brain and involved in pain responses. Moreover, PGD₂ is a key factor derived from malaria within erythrocytes and might influence to parasite growth. The aim of the study was to preliminarily investigate the role of PGD₂ in malaria pathogenesis. Blood samples were collected from patients with Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum (moderate and high parasitemia:1,000-50,000, and >50,000 /ml, respectively) infections, patients with fever associated with other infections, and healthy subjects of both genders and all age groups. PGD₂ concentrations were determined using Prostaglandin D₂-MOX express EIA kit (Cayman Chemical, USA).

Median (range) of plasma PGD₂ concentrations in patients with fever associated with other infections, patients with P. vivax and patients with P. falciparum infections, and healthy subjects (control) were 60 (11 - 525), 34 (22 - 130), 28 (16 - 38), 22 (13 - 75), and 16 (6 - 30) pg/ml, respectively. The median (range) plasma PGD₂ concentrations in patients with fever associated with other infections was significantly higher than those with P. vivax (p < 0.05), P. falciparum infections with moderate parasitemia (p < 0.0001), and healthy subjects (p < 0.0001). The concentrations in patients with P.vivax infection was significantly higher than those with P. falciparum with moderate parasitemia (p < 0.0001), and healthy subjects (p < 0.0001). Results of this preliminary study may suggest at least in part, an involvement of PGD₂ in fever-associated infections including malaria. Confirmation this finding is required with a larger sample size.

Biography:

Jakub Lenart is 29 years old PhD student from faculty of science, Charles University in Prague. He works in the Laboratory for Biology of Secondary metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec. Since 2012 he is member of Czechoslovak Society for Microbiology.

Abstract:

Staphylococcal ABC-F proteins Vga(A)LC and Msr(A) confer resistance either to lincosamides (L), streptogramins A (SgA) and pleuromutilines or to 14- and 15-membered macrolides and streptogramines B, respectively. All these antibiotics bind near peptidyl transferase centre in 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibit translation. Previous experiment has shown that 15 amino acid stretch of the Vga(A) interdomain linker is important for the antibiotic specificity of Vga(A) proteins. Substitutions L212S, G219V, A220T and G226S, clustered in the stretch, were responsible for the changes in resistance to SgA and L. It has been demonstrated in vitro, that ABC-F proteins mediate antibiotic resistance through interaction with ribosomes (Sharkey,2016). However, in our in vitro experiments, we confirmed that both proteins – Vga(A)LC , Msr(A) co-localize with membrane fractions of the cells. Therefore, it may be assumed that the proteins cooperate specifically with the ribosomes on the membrane, or, alternatively, the resistance mechanism is more complex, including also a cooperation of ABC-F proteins with a transmembrane partner. Vga(A)LC and Msr(A) might influence binding of lincomycin and erythromycin to the ribosomes in a similar way. Therefore, the functional interference of these two proteins is expected. To test this hypothesis we determined the resistance to lincomycin and erythromycin in the strain expressing both proteins. We found that activity of Msr(A) was not inhibited by Vga(A)LC as we expected but by the presence of subinhibitory concentration of lincomycin. Thus, usage of lincomycin may help in suppression of erythromycin resistance, conferred by Msr(A).

Biography:

Lae-Hyung Kang has in a doctoral course from Catholic University School of Medicine. He has completed his a Master´s degree from Catholic University School of Medicine. Mainly his study is waterborne viruses.

Abstract:

Norovirus is a major cause of viral gastroenteritis and a common cause of foodborne and waterborne outbreaks. Norovirus outbreaks are responsible for economic losses, most notably to the public health and food industry field. Norovirus has characteristics such as low infectious dose, prolonged shedding period, strong stability, great diversity, and frequent genome mutations. Besides these characteristics, they are known for rapid and extensive spread in closed settings such as hospitals, hotels, and schools. Norovirus is well known as a major agent of food-poisoning in diverse settings in South Korea. For these reasons, nationwide surveillance for norovirus is active in both clinical and environmental settings in South Korea. Recent studies have reported the emergence of variants and novel recombinants of norovirus. In this review, we summarized studies on the molecular epidemiology and nationwide surveillance of norovirus in South Korea. This review will provide information for vaccine development and prediction of new emerging variants of norovirus in South Korea.

Biography:

Kichan Lee has completed her PhD from School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University. She is a researcher of Bacterial diseases division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency. She has studied on bacterial diseases of animals, and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from diseased animals and livestock products.

Abstract:

Tetanus is an acute, often fatal, infectious diseases caused by tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin of the anaerobic spore-forming bacteria Clostridium tetani. Tetanus spores are commonly introduced into tissues through wounds and they convert under anaerobic conditions to a vegetative toxin-producing form. We report here a case of C. tetani infection in a horse. A seven-year-old thoroughbred mare had laceration on the fetlock of right hind leg two weeks prior to her death. She had a raised tail, extended head and neck, and was salivating profusely.The third eyelids were prolapsed and covered the eyes. Almost all voluntary movement was impossible bacause of hyper-responsiveness to tactile nad auditory stimuli. The necropsy was performed, and there were no specific lesions. C. tetani was cultured from wound swab of the fetlock of right hind leg. Based on the characteristic clinical sings of generalized tetanus and detection of C. tetani from wound, a diagnosis of tetanus associated with C. tetani was made.

Biography:

Leona Zieglerováis 25 years old PhD student from Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague. She works in the Laboratory for Biology of Secondary metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec. Since 2015 she is member of Czechoslovak Society for Microbiology.

Abstract:

Glycopeptide antibiotics are used as last choice antibiotics for treatment of infections, caused by gram-positive bacteria. But, increasing occurrence of glycopeptide resistant strains in recent years, rapidly decreases the range of treatment options of the bacterial infections. The glycopeptide resistance may be connected to expression of van resistance gene cluster, which alters the binding site of the glycopeptides. VanZ, one gene, from this cluster, expressed in Enterococcus faecalis confers specific resistance to teicoplanin without expressed other genes from this cluster (Arthur et al, 1995). VanZorhologs, forming big VanZ like protein family, are present in many bacterial genomes and their function is unknown. In this study, we compared the ability of two orthologous genes,vanZfrom the vanRSHAXYZ cluster (vanZTei) and vanZ from the genome of Enterococcus faecium (vanZg,), to confer resistance to glycopeptides, when expressed in Staphylococcus aureus RN4220. We have shown that VanZg, but not VanZTei, decreases 4 times sensitivity of S.aureustoteicoplanin. Rate of resistance depends on the level of induction of gene expression.Both genes were not able to confer resistance to vancomycin or other non-glycopeptide antibiotics; however, they effect decrease bacteria sensitivity to dalbavancin: new clinical using lipoglycopeptide. We tested antibacterial activity of four novel semisynthetic lipoglycopeptides against S.aureus, expressing vanZ. Expression of vanZ decreased sensitivity of S. aureus RN4220 to three lipoglycopeptides. All glycopeptides that decreased their activity against S.aureus had lipophilic tails. This suggests, that decreased sensitivity to glycopeptides, caused by vanZ expression, may be associated with the presence of lipid tail in the structure of antibiotic.

Biography:

I have completed my PhD at the age of 29 years in Molecular Parasitology Unit, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Thailand. I have published 3 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Cystatins are the inhibitors of papain-like cysteine proteases and serve various important physiological functions including modulation of normal proteolytic processes, balance of the host–parasite interaction, and defense against pathogens. This research was conducted to characterize the molecular and biochemical properties of a type I cystatin (Stefin-2) in the liver fluke F. gigantica. The cDNA encoding FgStefin-2 had a size of 887 bp and contained a 351 bp open reading frame. The bacterial expression and purification resulted in highly pure rFgStefin-2 with an expected molecular mass of 13-14 kDa. The rFgStefin-2 was used for cysteine protease inhibition assays and polyclonal antibody production. The polyclonal antibody was used to study the distribution of native FgStefin-2 in 2- and 4-week-old juveniles and used in immunoblots. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that FgStefin-2 is located in several tissues of the parasite including the prostate gland, gut epithelium and intrauterine eggs. The polyclonal antibody reacted with rFgStefin-2, CW extract and ES product of the adult parasite, but did not cross-react with CW extracts of other trematodes. Mouse antisera raised against rFgStefin-2, rFgMDCd10, rFgStefin-1 showed no cross-reactivity in immunoblots to the different recombinant cystatins. The purified rFgStefin-2 exhibited inhibitory activity against cysteine proteases (cathepsins B and L) and the proteolytic activity of ES product, CW extracts from metacercariae and adult parasites. We have demonstrated that FgStefin-2 is able to inhibit cysteine proteases (cathepsins B and L). In the further analysis we would like to investigate the potential host-affecting functions such as immunomodulation.

Biography:

Ying Shun Zhou has completed his PhD at the age of 29 years from Sichuan University. And now he works in the Southwest medical university and is the director of pathogenic microbilogy labrotary. He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a member of Chinese Medical Association.

Abstract:

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen of hospital-acquired infection. The aim of this study was to analysis the 𝛽-lactamases genes prevalence in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from a hospital in the southwest of China. In this study, 87 A.baumannii strains isolated from a hospital in southern of Sichuan province that were tested for antibiotic susceptibility performed by determination the MIC, molecular genotyping by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and more importantly, the prevalence of 𝛽-lactamasesgenes (including blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-58, blaGIM, blaSPM, blaSIM, blaNDM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaTEM) were studied by PCR method. Antibiotic susceptibility test against 13 commonly used antibiotics indicated that most of the stains showed multidrug-resistance. And the result of MLST analysis showed that there were 5 STs in the 87 A. baumannii isolates, and a majority of them was ST195 (69/87). The PCR amplication and sequencing results illustrated that most of these isolates were positive to blaOXA-23 and blaTEM genes, and the prevalence of them were 74.71% and 93.10% respectively. In addition, 1 positive strain for the blaGIM, 1 positive strain for the blaSIM, 1 positive strain for the blaSHV and 2 positive strains for the blaSPM were found. However, all of the isolates were negative to the rest 𝛽-lactamases genes detected including blaOXA-24, blaNDM and blaCTX-M . In conclusion, the 87 A. baumannii isolates in this study showed severe drug resistance, and the main 𝛽 -lactamases genes carried were blaOXA-23gene and blaTEM gene.

Biography:

Abstract:

Food contaminated with multiple antibiotic-resistant S. aureus can be a major threat to the public health.  The purpose of this study was to isolate S. aureus from different food sources, determine their antimicrobial susceptibility as well as detection of mecA gene among some resistant isolates. Out of 125 samples from food of animal origin samples, 19 S.aureus isolates were recovered, and the antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed high resistance against kanamycin, penicillin G, oxacillin, erythromycin and tetracycline. All the tested isolates were multiple drug resistant (MDR). Eight out of 19 (15.2%) isolates were phenotypically resistant to oxacillin as well as they were carriers for mecA gene.

Biography:

Abstract:

Background: Peritonitis is currently one of the serious complications of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), leading to considerable morbidity and mortality.We reviewed the incidence and the etiology of CAPD-associated peritonitis from January 2009 to December 2014.

Material/methods:Peritoneal fluid samples were cultured on appropriate solid and liquid media after centrifugation.Enumeration of WBC was done using standard counting chamber. The identification of the microorganisms was performed using standard methods,the API systems and the automated VITEK2 system (BioMérieux,MarcyL’Etoile,France).

Results:A total of105 dialysates were positive int the 6-year study period. Six of the positive samples were polymicrobial. Gram-positive organisms accounted for 49.5% of the infections of which staphylococci were the commonest (44.2%). Gram-negative bacteria were found in 39%of the positive samples, anaerobic bacteria in 6.7% and fungi in 4.8%.

Conclusions: Staphylococci   are the most common agents of continous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) peritonitis. Prompt identification of the causative agents is essential for the appropriate management of microbial peritonitis in patients on CAPD.

Biography:

Angeliki Mavroidi has completed her PhD at the age of 30 years from National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece and postdoctoral studies from Imperial College London, UK. She has published 23 papers in reputed journals. She is a member of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID).

Abstract:

Colistin is often used as salvage therapy for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant K.pneumoniae. The aim of the present study was the determination of colistin resistance rates among carbapenemase-producing (CP Kp) and the characterisation of colistin-resistant (COL-R) CP Kp recovered from bloodstream infections during May 2011 - December 2015 in a Greek hospital. Identification of the isolates to the species level and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed by the MicroScan ® (Siemens Healthcare, PA, USA). The MICs of imipenem, meropenem and colistin were additionally determined by the Etest method, according to the interpretive criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2014). Phenotypic screening for carbapenemase production was performed by the modified Hodge test and the boronic acid/EDTA combined-disk test. DNA extraction was performed using the QIAcube (Qiagen, Düsseldof, Germany). Carbapenemase-encoding genes were detected by PCR. During the study period, COL-R represented 30% of 95 CP Kp isolates, while a rapid increase was observed in the incidence of COL-R CP Kp from 2014 to 2015 (25% to 55%, respectively). The majority of COL-R CP Kp (69%) was recovered from patients in the ICU. The COL-R CP Kp carried the blaKPC (n=16), blaOXA-48 (n=9), blaOXA-48+blaNDM (n=3) and blaNDM (n=1) genes. The first COL-R CP Kp carrying the blaOXA-48 and blaNDM were isolated on February 2015. The alarming increase in the colistin resistance rates and the spread of different carbamenemase genes among CP Kp recovered from bloodstream infections further complicates the therapy and infection control measures for combating this organism.

Biography:

Chemist and Master in Science of the University of Talca, currently is a PhD student from the University of Talca. His work is focus in Natural Products Chemistry and wine analysis. He has published several papers and has participed in different investigation project.

Abstract:

The grape production worldwide has been estimated in around of 60 millions tonnes per year. About 80% of the grape produced is utilized for winemaking, also in this process are produced grape waste that consists in around 20% of the weight. Currently, Chile is one of the main wine producers in the world, nevertheless, the wine industry produced a lot of grape waste that is a potential source of natural products, that can be used for different purposes. Nowadays, near 90% of the bacterial infections of the skin and soft tissue are produced by Gram-positive bacteria, taking advantage of the large amount of grape waste and the potential of this residue, a chemical characterization of a grape waste extract and the antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria was made. A large amount of phenolic compounds were found in extract methanolic and extract methanolic/water as kaempherol, derivates of cinnamic acids, galic acid and cafeic acid. Determinated for HPLC-DAD. Among the studied bacteria, the extract of grape waste showed around of 50% of bacterial inhibition against Staphylococcus epidermidis compared with the reference compound (clindamycin). This study shows that the pomace extracts count on antibacterial activity on S. epidermidis. Thus the extract of grape waste has potential and can supply an opportunity replace some drug.

Biography:

Summaiya Mulla at present holding the post of professor and  head in department of Microbiology since 2004. She has established state reference laboratory for leptospirosis diagnosis and been awarded for contribution in leptospirosis control and diagnosis by health minister in 2006. She has established swine flu molecular laboratory at GMC Surat have been awarded for control of swine flu by health secretory in 2011. She has developed state  reference laboratory for tuberculosis She has done more than 30 paper publication in national and international journals. She has presented oral as well as poster presentations at different international conferences held across the globeShe has participated as delegate in many national and internal workshops and conferences.

Abstract:

Re-establishing the cut-off titre for IgM ELISA using ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve in South Gujarat region because cut off titre for these serological tests needs to be re-confirmed at timely intervals keeping in mind the endemicity of Leptospirosis in the region. For  determining  the  ROC  curve   and  the   cut  off  titre,  30 healthy population from  each geographic region like districts Tapi, Navsari and valsad, 30 patients with diseases other than Leptospirosis as well as 30 known Leptospirosis cases was taken from South Gujarat region and tested for Panbio ELISA for leptospirosis. All the data obtained by testing was entered into SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software for ROC analysis. Analysis showed best cutoff value for valsad  and  navsari 14.5 panbiounits and for tapi 16.5 panbiounits as being higher than kit base cutoff value of 11 panbiounits. Using the cutoff value recommended by the manufacturer (11 Panbio units), the sensitivity on paired sera is high (90.8%) and may be used to rule in patients with suspected leptospirosis. However, the poor specificity of the test (55.1%) suggests that using this test in the clinical setting could lead to over diagnosis of leptospirosis and a high frequency of false positivity. Using the high cutoff value generated by ROC curve analysis (15 Panbio units), the overall accuracy of the test was improved. We  recommend  as WHO to use such an assay for the diagnosis of leptospirosis if financial resources permit requires area -specific evaluation to determine its clinical use before implementation.

Biography:

Hayam M Hamouda is part of NODCAR, Egypt

Abstract:

One of the major concern is the increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant organisms, particularly extended spectrum beta lactamases producers (ESBLs) among diabetic foot infection known to increase the duration of hospital stay, cost of management as well as morbidity and mortality. In This study organisms found in diabetic foot infection DFI samples were,2 Aerococcus viridians, 3 Enterococcus raffinosus, 4 Enterococcus avium, 6 Rhizobium radiobacter,7 Staphylococcus sciuri . antibiotic susceptibility test aganist producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases bacteria was done. Also, in The present study detecting the gene responsible for (ESBLs) resistance of CTX-M-type of ESBLs in DFI bacteria and sequencing it.

Biography:

Nwachukwu, Michael I. Is a Senior Lecturer and the Head, Department of Microbiology and Industrial Microbiology, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria. He holds a Ph.D Degree from Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. He is a member and the Institutional Coordinator of Nigeria Society for Microbiology (NSM). He has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals and His research interests are in the areas of Environmental Microbiology, Ecology and Public Health.

Abstract:

Study to determine the antibacterial effect of ethanolic extract from leaf, root and seed coat of Moringa oleifera on bacterial agents of infantile diarrhea was carried out. This was determined using disc diffusion and well-in-Agar antimicrobial screening methods. A total of sixty nine suspected infants (0-5years) were screened using standard microbiological methods. Bacterial agents isolated and identified were E. coli and Salmonella sp. While E. coli was isolated from 17(60.71%) subjects, Salmonella sp. was isolated from 11(39.29%) subjects. Results show that more infants of three years old had diarrhea while those at the age of five years were the least. Male infants were infected more than female infants. Well-in-Agar antimicrobial screening method showed appreciable inhibitory effect on both E. coli and Salmonella sp. than disc diffusion. Furthermore, ethanolic extract from leaf exhibited more antimicrobial action on the two isolates followed by extract from seed, then extract from the root while extract from seed coat that showed antimicrobial effect at a very high concentration was the least. Phytochemical analysis showed that alkaloid and anthraquinone were present in the four parts of the plant analysed. Glycoside, steroid and terpenoid were present in the seed coat, flavonoid was absent in the leaf and root, saponin was absent in the seed, tannin was only present in the leaf. Above results indicate that extract from most parts of Moringa oleifera have curative effect hence can be used for curing diseases such as diarrhea.