8^th Global Summit on Microbiology & Infectious Diseases February 22-23, 2018 Paris, France

Biography:

Hanady Amoudy has completed her PhD from Imperial College, University of London. She is presently working as an Assistant Professor at Kuwait University, College of Medicine.

Abstract:

Tuberculosis remains a major health problem responsible for 8-10 million new cases and 1.3 million deaths annually. Until today, the only approved vaccine is BCG which has been used since 1921 and provides variable efficacy in adults around the world probably because it is void of some immunodominant key antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Development of non-pathogenic recombinant constructs delivering Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific proteins antigens provides the chance to evaluate candidates to be included in diagnostic tools and preventive vaccines. PE35, esxA, esxB and Rv3619 are among the major antigenic proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with vaccine potentials. For this reason, we are introducing these Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes in Mycobacterium smegmatis and evaluating the immune response against these recombinant constructs in mice. Cellular mediated immune response of Th1 type, characterized by production of INF-g cytokine, is associated with protection against the infection. On the other hand, Th2 type of immune response characterized by production of IL-5, Th17 characterized by production of IL-17 and Treg characterized by production of IL-10 are associated with progressive pathological tuberculosis infection. For this, mice were immunized with Mycobacterium smegmatis recombinant constructs and their splenocytes were cultured and assayed for various cytokines to analyze the type of immune response provoked against the introduced antigens. Results from our experiments showed an elevated ratio of Th1:Th2 response in the case of Rv3619 only and not the others.

Biography:

Sako Mirzaie has completed his PhD from Science and Research Branch, Azad University. He was an experienced Assistant Professor with a demonstrated history of working in the pharmaceuticals industry. He is also skilled in bioinformatics, animal models, protein chemistry, life sciences and protein purification. He has published more than 23 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute.

Abstract:

Recently, the quick spreads of broad-spectrum b-lactams antibiotic resistance in pathogenic strains of bacteria has become a major global health problem. These new emerging resistances cause ineffectiveness of antibiotics and increasing the severity of diseases and treatment costs. Among different and diverse resistance targets, we chose a class-A b-lactamase, CTX-M-9, with the aim of identifying new chemical entities to be used for further rational drug design. Based on this purpose, a set of 5000 molecules from the Zinc database have been screened by docking experiments using AutoDock Vina software. The best ranked compound with respect of the previously proved inhibitor compound 19 was further tested by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Our molecular modeling analysis demonstrates that ZINC33264777 has ideal characteristics a potent b-lactamase CTX-M-9 inhibitor. In the free form of b-lactamase, NMR relaxation studies showed the extensive motions near the active site and in the Ω-loop. However, our molecular dynamics studies revealed that in the compound 1: b-lactamase complex, the flexibility of Ω-loop was restricted.

Biography:

Jorge R Mosqueira has graduated from Cayetano Heredia University, Perú and in 2014; he has obtained the ECFMG certification. He conducted Observerships at Yale New Haven Hospital, Ochsner Medical Center-Kenner and Jackson Memorial Hospital. Currently, he is an Internal Medicine Resident at Hospital María Auxiliadora, Lima, Perú and also a Sub-Investigator in clinical trials (MARINER). He has published some papers in reputed journals and has been conducting clinical research in order to advance medical knowledge.

Abstract:

Native valve endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus in a non-intravenous drug user: Case report and review of the literature. Infective endocarditis (IE) is an uncommon but potentially lethal infectious disease. Staphylococcus aureus represents a virulent organism that causes serious complications once intracardiac infection is established. We present a 51 year-old Latin-American man, civil construction worker, admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of Pyelonephritis. Three days after being admitted, a positive urine culture for Staphylococcus aureus was reported. Indeed, on the physical exam, a new onset of heart murmur and Janeway lesions were found. Due to high suspicion of bacterial endocarditis, he was started on Meropenem 1 g (t.i.d) and Vancomycin 1 g (b.i.d); then this diagnosis was confirmed by two positive blood cultures for Staphylococcus aureus and by a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) that showed vegetation on the bicuspid aortic valve, a possible mitral valve aneurysm and severe mitral regurgitation. Double valve replacement was done, however, the severity of the disease also involve other organs as kidney and spleen, complicating the management of the patient. In this non-intravenous drug user man, we identify important risk factors as a bicuspid aortic valve and the patient’s occupation, where traumatic inoculation of various microorganisms can occur. The positive urine culture can be explained by bacteremia leading to Staphylococcus aureus bacteriuria, since this patient denied recent placement of urinary catheter or urinary tract instrumentation. Staphylococcus aureus native valve IE is associated with high morbidity and mortality despite improved diagnostic tools and expanded-spectrum antibiotics.

Biography:

Rima El Hage is the In-Charge of Microbiological Laboratory at Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute. She has completed her Master’s degree in Food Chemistry from Saint Joseph University, Lebanon. She is currently a PhD student at National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse, France. Regionally, she is nominated by Lebanon-Ministry of Agriculture to be part of the Arab experts contributing to developing a common Arab approach for food safety risk assessment.

Abstract:

Non-typhoidal Salmonella sp. of chicken origin has always been the major causative pathogen of food poisoning worldwide. Furthermore, non-responsible use of antibiotics promotes the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Since data on Salmonella in poultry industry in Lebanon are scarce, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Salmonella at different stages of the production chain, their antibiotic resistance profile and molecular patterns. Over a period of 3 years, samples of feces were collected by a sock method from local Lebanese farms (n=237), poultry meat from slaughterhouses (n=100) and from retail (n=1600). In parallel, ceca (n=100) and neck skins (n=100) were collected from two major slaughter plants. Isolated Salmonella strains (n=663) were serotyped from which 500 were analyzed for antimicrobial resistance (panel of 29 drugs) using the standard disk diffusion and MIC Method (CLSI guideline). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using the macro-restriction enzyme Xbal was used to define the molecular patterns of the main serovars. The results highlighted a high prevalence in poultry with 30% of positive farms and almost 55% of the samples from slaughterhouses and retail. A large diversity of serotypes was identified with Salmonella infantis (33%), Salmonella enteritidis (28%) and Salmonella kentucky (22%) the most predominant ones. High resistance to Nalidixic acid was shown in all Salmonella strains. No remarkable resistance was detected in Salmonella enteritidis. In addition, Salmonella infantis was resistant to both Streptomycin, Tetracycline at a rate of 100% and 97%, respectively. However, the most prominent resistance was exhibited in Salmonella kentucky, where all strains (n=133) were multidrug resistant (MDR) and showed 100% resistance to Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin and Enrofloxacin and at a significant rate to Ampicillin (72%), Tetracycline (61%), Amoxicillin (59%) and Gentamycin (50%). Salmonella kentucky were differentiated by PFGE into 10 pulso-types from which six (n=96) showing 94, 2% pattern similarity index. Similar genomic profile and antibiotic-resistance phenotypes were detected between farms, slaughterhouses and retail suggesting the circulation and transmission of identical clones. Furthermore multidrug-resistant Salmonella kentucky CIP^R (n=9) to 3^rd Cephalosporin antibiotics recovered from both slaughterhouse and retail market displayed an identical PFGE pattern. This study reported for the 1^st time in Lebanon the high prevalence of Salmonella sp. and the detection of multi-resistant Salmonella Kentucky in poultry. This work highlighted the interconnectedness between different ecologies, through a ‘Farm to fork’ approach, which urge to establish a strategic plan on Salmonella and the use of antimicrobials in Lebanese poultry industry to protect consumer health.

Biography:

Khalil Elaj is a Chief Resident at Department of Pathology, French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan. As a Clinician, he has rich experience of reporting microbiological cases all over Afghanistan and also possesses expertise on bone marrow aspiration, biopsy and FNAC procedure for individuals in different age groups. He is working in different specialties like: Hematology, Microbiology, Biochemistry and Cytology. He independently completed a research project entitled “Antibiotic Resistance and Susceptibility of Enterobacteriacae among Individuals at a tertiary care hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan”.

Abstract:

Antibiotic resistance in enterobacteriaceae is a serious global concern. Enterobacteriaceae are responsible for a large proportion of serious, life-threatening infections and resistance to multiple antibiotics in these organisms is an increasing global public health problem. The quick emergence of resistant bacteria is happening worldwide, risking the efficacy of antibiotics. Execution of recommended steps, such as rapid diagnosis, implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs and better infection control measures, are likely to be effective to prevent the spread of ESBLs and other forms of resistance in enterobacteriaceae. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of causative organisms belonging to enterobacteriaceae among patients who are suspected having bacterial infections and susceptibility pattern of the isolated bacteria for the commonly used antibiotics. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Records of all patients referred or admitted to FMIC and undergone for culture and sensitivity tests on their clinical samples, including blood, urine, sputum, pus, wound and exudates during January 2016 to December 2016 were reviewed. Data was entered and analyzed with the help of SPSS version 22.0. The approval for the data collection was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of FMIC. A total of 2500 blood culture, 3600 urine and 3541 cases of pus and vagina were suspected bacterial infection. Total of 6048 cases of blood, urine and miscellaneous identified to be Gram negative bacteria, respectively. All isolated organism were highly resistant to commonly used empirical antibiotics for treatment of enterobacteriaceae like augmentin, cephalosporin, inappropriate use of antibiotics by physicians is leading to resistance, mortality and morbidity. 

Biography:

Osuoha Chinyere Beatrice has completed her BMLS and MPH degrees from the Imo State University, Nigeria. She is currently the Head of the Medical Laboratory Services of General Hospital, Awo-Omamma, a subsidiary of Imo State Hospitals Management Board, Nigeria. She has many peer-reviewed scholarly works and has been the Chairperson of the Hospital’s Staff Welfare Committee.

Abstract:

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has remained a major scourge of humanity all over the world, with the greatest mortality occurrences noted in developing countries. The cannot-be-overemphasized burden of TB in Nigeria is among the highest in Africa. The study on hand was therefore aimed at comparing Cepheid GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and Rifampin (RIF) resistance with the traditional smear microscopy method - the ZN technique. Sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic yields were high points of comparison. A carefully designed cross-sectional study was drawn and executed at the General Hospital, Awo-Omamma, covering patients’ inflow from August 2016 to May 2017. Amongst the numerous patients presenting, a total of 120 samples were collected from patients with highest pulmonary concerns, having been assessed prognostically. 62 (74.4%) were males, 58 (25.6%) were females and all having mean ages of 42.2±16 years and about 30 patients (36%) had chronic lung diseases. Out of the 120 samples examined, 36 samples (43.2%) were MTBC positive by smear microscopy while 42 (50.4%) were positive by GeneXpert assay. Only one sample showed false-negative result for GeneXpert. Placing both methods (GeneXpert and Smear microscopy) side-by-side, GeneXpert gave 85% sensitivity and 98.5% specificity. GeneXpert indeed detected 6 (7.2%) additional positive cases as compared to smear microscopy. Only five clinical isolates of the entire patients were resistant to Rifampin. The study therefore concluded that GeneXpert was a better and more reliable diagnostic tool compared to smear microscopy and can significantly reduce false-negatives and very interestingly, rules out the unnecessary delays often experienced hitherto with Smear microscopy in treatment initiation.

Biography:

Anil Chandra Phukan has completed MD in Medical Microbiology from Dibrugarh University, Assam and DMV from Pune University, India and obtained DSA from COTTISA, Bangkok, Thailand under WHO Fellowship. He has worked as a Senior Scientist in Indian Council of Medical Research. Presently, he has been working as the Dean of Academics and Professor and Head of Microbiology Department, NEIGRIHMS, Shillong, India with active involvement in implementation of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program, India and other national health programs. He has several national and international publications in reputed journals. His research activity focuses on understanding of molecular epidemiology of infectious diseases.

Abstract:

North East India is the north eastern region of the country comprising of eight states with 4500 km of international boundary with China, Myanmar, Bangladesh and Bhutan having >40 million population and 220 ethnic groups. North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong is the Post Graduate medical and health institute catering tertiary health care services to the patients of the entire region. North East India is bearing a considerable burden of tuberculosis with increasing cases of extra pulmonary tuberculosis where musculoskeletal tuberculosis is found to be a diagnostic dilemma to the treating clinicians. The study was carried out for understanding the prevalence of musculoskeletal tuberculosis and its clinic-bacterial profile among the patients attending the NEIGRIHMS hospital during 2015-2016 using both conventional and molecular diagnostic tools. Ultrasound guided pus aspiration, synovial fluid, bone biopsy and pus swabs from 52 suspected musculoskeletal tuberculosis patients were collected and subjected for laboratory detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection employing morphological, cultural and molecular identifications. The study revealed 46.2% musculoskeletal tuberculosis with majority in the age group of 21-30 years (28.9%). Hip and knee joints were found to affected more (23.1% each) followed by lumber spines (19.2%). Ultra sound guided sample collection showed significantly better detection (71%) than the pus swabs. Molecular diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction assay is proved to be superior (46.2%) to culture (25%) and microscopy (1.92%) in terms of diagnostic accuracy, treatment initiation and avoidance of complications in better management of such paucibacillary tuberculosis

Biography:

Abstract:

Purpose: The increased resistance of uropathogenic bacteria to antibiotics, both in community and hospital settings, justifies the need for periodic regional monitoring of these resistances.

Material & Method: During one-year, we had proceeded to retrospective study from January 1^st, 2016 to January 1^st, 2017. All urinary specimens of hospitalized patients at Ibn Tofail Hospital and external patients were included in the study. The bacterial identification was made by biochemical gallery ‘Api’ and the susceptibility to antibiotics was tested by antibiogram on agar media according to the recommendations of EUCAST 2016.

Result: During the study period, 523 ECBU were carried out, 69 bacterial strains were isolated, Enterobacteria represented 45 (65%), Escherichia coli dominated the epidemiological profile (45%), followed by Acinetobacter baumannii 11 (16%), then Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus with 7%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3% and finally Streptococcus spp. (1%). These strains came from hospitalized patients (48%) and external consultants (52%). The susceptibility to antibiotics showed a high frequency of resistance to the main families of antibiotics. About 15% of Enterobacteria were producing extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and 11% were Carbapenem resistant. Nearly, 55% of AB isolates were resistant to Imipenem. These resistances were accompanied by high rates of co-resistance to other families of antibiotics.

Conclusion: Dissemination of resistant bacteria, particularly ESBL in community and hospital settings, should lead practitioners to a rational prescription of antibiotics, preferably guided by the results of an antibiogram

Biography:

Adel Elmekes is currently a PhD student at Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Marrakesh, Morocco. His thesis focuses on the study of the clinical and epidemiological risk factors of infections due to multi-drug resistant bacteria in an adult intensive care unit of University Hospital Center (UHC) in Marrakesh, Morocco and the screening of new antimicrobial agents against hospital multidrug resistant bacteria from actinobacteria isolates. He is responsible for Hospital Hygiene Unit and Active Member of the committee against nosocomial infections.

Abstract:

Introduction & Aim: Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen causing worldwide hospital outbreaks. This micro-organism can cause a wide range of infections, including bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, peritonitis, etc. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors and outcomes related to the acquisition of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a Moroccan surgical intensive care unit (ICU).

Method: This study was conducted from March 2015 to February 2016, in a 10-bed clinical and surgical tertiary ICU of Ibn Tofail University Hospital Mohammed VI in Marrakesh, Morocco. The adult patients with a first clinical episode of infection were included in the study. The level of antibiotic resistance has been studied by the agar diffusion method, the choice of antibiotic susceptibility testing and interpretation criteria were made as recommended by the Antibiogram Committee of the French Microbiology Society (AC-FMS) and standards of the European Committee on Susceptibility (EUCAST, 2015).

Result: Obtained results showed that among 225 isolated bacteria, 85 of these isolates were represented by Acinetobacter baumannii and all Acinetobacter baumannii strains were resistant to Imipenem, which represented 72% of the multidrug resistant bacteria. The increasing and alarming antibiotic resistance levels were observed with Gentamicin 94%, Tobramycin 93%, Ciprofloxacin 95%, Amikacin 75% and only 48% were resistant to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole. However, all Acinetobacter baumannii tested strains were sensitive to colistin.

Conclusion: The study also shows that infections associated to these deadly bacteria were mainly represented by Pneumonia 48%, catheter-related bloodstream infection 30% and bacteremia 17%. These findings suggest the requirement of constant monitoring of MDR Acinetobacter baumannii in order to decide which patients need isolation and prevent the transmission of this pathogen bacterium in the ICUs.

Biography:

Mostafa Elkady is currently a Professor and Chairman of Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt and Research and Clinical Fellow in Gastroenterology Division TTH, University of Toronto, Canada. He is a Member of EASD NAFLD Group, Member of Colleague of Physician and Surgeons of Ontario, Member of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Currently, he is a Consultant of Gastroenterology and Diabetology at Police Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. He is also a Reviewer for Digestive Disease and Science.

Abstract:

An 81 years old lady, presented with Anorexia and severe epigastric pain for 2 weeks was presented. It was of gradual onset and slowly progressive course, dull aching in character and was associated with vomiting and jaundice. There was no GI bleeding or change in bowl hobbits. There was no history of ascites, or any other abdominal swellings. In addition, there were no constitutional manifestations like night sweat, night fever, Her HBA1C was 5.8%. At presentation, ECG revealed no abnormalities, however, abdominal ultrasound was done and revealed mild bright hepatomegaly with hypoechoic left lobe hepatic focal lesion at segment II, about (7×6.8 cm) with multiple calcifications (hydatid disease??) and chronic calcular cholecystitis with normal spleen and no ascites. Subsequently, AFP and hydatid serology were requested and the results were 1.11 ng/ml and 1/80, respectively. Triphasic C T was also done and revealed a left hepatic lobe segment II hypodense focal lesion (8×7 cm) with no contrast enhanced at all phases of study and calcular gall bladder. The patient received Albendazole and UDCA (t.d.s) for 4 weeks then follow up ultrasound was done and revealed a hypoechoic hepatic focal lesion (10×8.6 cm) with calcifications suggesting hydatid diseases with normal spleen and no ascites, one month later follow up ultrasound was done revealed the same left lobe hepatic focal lesion but measuring (8×6 cm). The patient continued the same treatment and ultrasound revealed decreasing size of the hepatic focal lesion to (7×5 cm) and later on after 6 weeks, it reached (2×2 cm) with decreasing ESR and hydatid serology was negative. The patients in now symptom free and kept on follow up.

Biography:

Vicente Daniel Moreno Andrade has completed his Engineering training in Environmental Chemistry in 2016. He is currently pursuing his Master’s degree in Environmental Science and Technology in the Autonomous University of Queretaro, Mexico. His research project deals with the characterization of sporulated bacteria from pollen samples by molecular methods such as PCR, MALDITOF-MS and high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes.

Abstract:

The spread of Paenibacillus larvae between apiaries is often associated with the import of colonies and causes considerable economic losses in the apiculture industry. In recent years, the production of honeybee-collected pollen has increased due to its use as the principal food for bumblebee rearing, so that Paenibacillus larvae detection is important to the viability of this commercial activity. Early detection of Paenibacillus larvae during commercial bumblebee production is one of the principal goals for production facilities in Koppert, Mexico to assure the maintenance of acceptable food quality for bumblebees and to reduce the risk that the bees will serve as insect vectors during pollination in greenhouses. In this study, we developed a strategy for the detection of Paenibacillus larvae in bumblebee food using tRNACys-PCR as a rapid and reliable diagnostic procedure. We validated the tRNACys-PCR procedure through analysis of food samples containing honeybee-collected pollen from Mexico, Chile and Holland. Further validation of the procedure was obtained by bacterial identification using MALDITOF-MS and high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes obtained from enrichment cultures of sporulated bacteria. Thus, the tRNACys-PCR assay could be applied during bumblebee mass rearing as a diagnostic method for quality control of pollen.

Biography:

Meg Mangin is the Executive Director of Chronic Illness Recovery, USA. She has presented at many conferences. She is the co-author of a chapter in the textbook “Vitamin D: New Research” and the lead author of the review article- “Inflammation and vitamin D: The infection connection”, published in the Inflammation Research.

Abstract:

Chronic inflammation is a sign of immune system dysfunction and a probable cause is found in the ability of cell wall deficient bacteria to invade nucleated cells. These pathogens persist within cellular cytoplasm by using strategies to evade elimination, such as down-regulation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), the nuclear receptor which regulates the immune system. Elevated calcitriol indicates the immune system recognizes the presence of parasitic pathogens and is attempting to combat them by increasing the production of calcitriol to transcribe antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The result is chronic inflammation and persistent intracellular infection. The angiotensin receptor blocker Olmesartan medoxomil, when used at higher than anti-hypertensive doses, appears to be an agonistic VDR ligand which up-regulates the bacterially-inhibited VDR. This is evidenced by a significant reduction in calcitriol following Olmesartan administration. An increase in AMP transcription and thus, elimination of intracellular bacteria is evidenced by Herxheimer reactions.