Medical & Clinical Microbiology

Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease also covers such areas as laboratory and clinical management of microbial diseases, epidemiology and pathogenesis of infections, automation in the diagnostic microbiology laboratory, and antibiotic susceptibility testing.

Microbes are a very important component of life on earth. Not all microbes are pathogenic. Many microbes are very useful to human beings. We use microbes and microbial derived products almost every day. Antibiotics have played a major role in controlling infectious diseases like diphtheria, whooping cough and pneumonia. Microbes brings lot of welfare for human beings in Vaccination and Antibiotics, Household Products like Lactobacillus is a bacterium that is found in curd, Sewage Treatment -Bacteria such as Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, are involved in fermenting sewage. Pseudomonas is also one of the bacteria involved in breakdown of organic matter. Gobar Gas Formation- Gobar gas is formed anaerobically by Methanobacterium. Viruses are used as a vector for transmission of required gene during recombinant DNA Technology.

Microbiology: Current Research is a scientific discipline that deals with the perpetual research in the field of applied microbiology. The field encompasses the study cognate to virology, mycology, bacteriology, parasitology, genomics, host immune replications, characterization and evolution of microbes, virulence determinants, environmental microbiology, antibiotic resistance, drug and vaccine targets, prion diseases, cellular aspects of microbes, host pathogen cognations and many other disciplines.

The process of screening a pure culture by separating one style of microbes from a mix is termed Isolation. Microorganisms are usually found in nature (air, soil and water) as mixed populations. Even the pathologic components of plants and animals contain a good range of microorganisms that disagree markedly from the microorganisms of alternative environments to review the particular role vie by a particular organism in its setting; one should isolate an equivalent in pure culture. Common ways of isolation of pure culture i. isolation by streak plate technique ii. Small manipulator technique iii.enrichment culture technique iv .serial dilution technique isolation ways.

Microbes in nature or within the anatomy are preponderantly related to surfaces and living in biofilms. Species diversity, high cell density and proximity of cells are typical of life in biofilms, wherever organisms act with one another and develop advanced interactions that may be either competitive or cooperative. Competition between species may be a well-recognized ecological force to drive microorganism metabolism, diversity and evolution. However, it had been not till recently that microorganism cooperative activities also are recognized to play vital roles in microorganism physiology and ecology. significantly, these microorganism interactions in biofilms deeply have an effect on their overall operate, biomass, diversity and pathologic process.

The speedy advancement of sequencing techniques, including the new methodologies of bioinformatics to handle large-scale knowledge analysis, area unit providing exciting opportunities to know microbic communities from a range of environments, on the far side previous imagination.

The science and study of bacterium and their regard to medication and to alternative areas like agriculture (e.g., farm animals) and business. Bacteriology may be a part of biological science that encompasses the study of bacterium, viruses, and every one alternative type of microorganisms.

The development of non culture based techniques for rapid detection of diseases is at peak in the field of Clinical Microbiology. The subjects incorporate nucleic acid amplification tests, for example, advanced PCR, next generation sequencing, and robotization of sub-atomic tests. Also Matrix- assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry strategies and their job in distinguishing microorganisms. The move to fluid based microbiology and the mix of partial and full research center automation that are starting to affect the clinical microbiology lab.

An antimicrobial can be described as an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth. Antimicrobial medicines can be assembled according to the microorganisms they principally act against. Antibiotics are used against bacteria and antifungals are used against fungi. Antimicrobial chemotherapy implements the clinical use of antimicrobial agents in treating infectious disease. The positive conclusion of this antimicrobial medical aid depends on many factors like site of infection, host defense mechanisms and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics activity of the antibacterial drug agent.

Increasing antimicrobial resistance is due to increased use of antibiotics when not prescribed. Also the release of antibiotics by the pharmaceutical companies in water along with liquid waste heightens the risk of antibiotic resistant strains that will eventually develop and spread.

Viral infectious diseases represent a vital portion of world public health issues with thousands of deaths annually. From serious pandemics and extremely contagious infections to common contagious disease episodes, clinical prognosis typically depends on early detection of the infective agent. Thus, effective identification of infectious agent pathogens is required to assist forestall transmission, came upon acceptable medical care, monitor response to treatment and result in economical illness management and management. Breath Tests for Detection of Helicobacter pylori and Aspergillus fumigatus,Rapid Antigen Tests,Antibody Detection: Principles and Applications,Cytometry-Based Antimicrobial Resistance Techniques are some Advance Techniques in Virology.

Medical microbiology is a branch of medicine dealing with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infectious as well as non-infectious diseases. Medical microbiologists deal with clinical consultations on the investigation, principles of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infectious diseases; the scientific development, administrative and medical direction of a clinical microbiology laboratory; the establishment and direction of infection control programs across the continuum of care; communicable disease prevention and epidemiology and related public health issues.

Cellular microbiology is a field that deals with the pathogenic microbes and attempts to use them as tools for cell-biology research, and to employ cell-biology methods to understand the pathogenicity of microbes. It is the combination of cell biology and molecular biology. It deals with cell cycle, metabolism, signal transduction, anatomy and physiology. It also deals with the transfiguring microbes to antibiotic agent.

A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism, and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as foreign, destroy it, and remember it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters.