4th Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Genomics Conference October 05-07, 2015 Philadelphia, USA

Natalia Kurantowicz is absolvent of Microbiology and Business Management at Warsaw University of Life Science interested in nanotechnology, microbiology and new conception of crisis management in social media. She is a Ph.D. student at Warsaw University of Life Science and investigating nanoparticles impact on living organism like bacteria, rats etc.

High thermal stability, high mechanical strength, relatively good bio-compatibility for humans resulted from carbon composite graphene-like structures capable of being an antibacterial agent. The study compared the toxicity of different forms of graphene family materials (GFM); pristine graphene (pG), graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) towards bacteria strains. The effect of three different GFMs on chosen food-borne bacteria strains: Gram-positive (G+) – Listeria monocytogenes, and Gram-negative (G-) – Salmonella enterica were examined. Results are a decreased number of bacterial colonies were observed in probes 250 μg/mL for all examined GFMs. Moreover, as low concentration of GO as 25 μg/mL caused a drop in the level of bacterial colonies as well and reduced growth by almost 100%. The shape and size of GFMs and their interactions towards bacteria strains were inspected by transmission electron microscope. Bacteria were aggregated and attached to GFMs. A strong affinity occurred between bacteria and edges of pG and rGO, while bacteria strains attached to GO nanoparticle surfaces. The present results indicate that GFM antibacterial activity causes mechanical damage of bacterial cell membranes by a direct contact of the bacteria with the extremely sharp edges of GFM with sp3-hybridized bonds. Based on the present results, we propose a three-step antimicrobial mechanism of GFM. It includes initial cell deposition on GFM (step 1), membrane stress and disruption caused by direct contact with sharp edges and bonds (step 2), and finally stimulated oxidation stress (step 3). The key difference between the chosen graphene materials is the bacterial cell deposition place. rnrn

Rajshree Singh, pursuing PhD from Dr. C V Raman University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India on topic entitled “Isolation and identification of bacteria intended for heavy metals remediation from industrial effluents”. She is working as Assistant Professor in microbiology department, Shri Agrasen Girls College, Korba, Chhattisgarh. She has also having teaching experience of almost 5 years. She has published one paper and one review article accepted to be published in book chapter.

One of the greatest concerns for the water consumers is quality of water as it was contaminated by various industrial effluents like heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms. Pollution due to heavy metals pollution, pose severe threat to the biodiversity as they are non-degradable and persist for longer time in food chain thus effecting health of human. Korba, “The power hub” of Chhattisgarh, ranks 5th in the ‘critically polluted areas’ in India. The present study of Hasdeo river water at Sarvmangla Nagar (Korba) shows that the high concentration of heavy metals (greater than the permissible limit as per WHO guidelines) pollutant in the sediment of river water was observed. Level of Fe found to be highest (0.75 mg/l), followed by Pb (0.65 mg/l), Zn (0.25mg/l), Cd (0.21 mg/l), Cu (0.12 mg/l) and Mn (0.03 mg/l). Pb and Cd were causing serious health problem to the population who use the water for their daily needs. Analysis of physico-chemical properties of water samples Like BOD (5.7), COD (8.2), DO (12.7), pH (7.8) and temperature (22.7) were correlates the level of metal pollution of river water. Our study also focuses on isolation and identification of different bacterial species resistant to heavy metal present in the river Hasdeo which were identified as Coliforms, Pseudomonas Sps, Enterbacter Sps. and Bacillus Sps. We have also focus on enhancement of bio-remediation properties of these bacteria for more efficient removal of heavy metal by bio-flocculation and genetic modification.rnrn

Samer M Al-Hulu, Microbiology Specialist, has completed his PhD from Babylon University/College of Science. He has published more than 14 papers in microbiology field. He has been under training at Ministry of Health at Laboratory of Babylon Maternity and Children Hospital and currently working at Al-Qasim Green University/College of Food Science.

Twenty soil samples were collected from Hilla City. Six Streptomyces spp. isolates were identified. These isolates have grey aerial mycelium color and yellow-green substrate mycelium color on yeast malt extract agar. Antibacterial activity of Streptomyces spp. isolates were estimated against S. aureus. Streptomyces spp.4 showed higher activity with (20mm) inhibition zone compared with other isolates and was selected for extraction of antibacterial agent. Streptomyces spp.4 agent showed higher activity against S. aureus with (22mm) inhibition zone, (14mm) against E. coli and lower activity against P. aeruginosa (12mm). FT-IR spectrum for agent had a peak between (3387-3369 cm-1) indicate to presence (N-H) stretching in primary, secondary amine and amide, peak at (2928.04) indicate the presence of (C-H) stretching in aliphatic compound, peak at (1649.19) indicate the presence of (N-H) bend in primary amine compound and a peak at 1026.16 (=C-H) bending in aliphatic compound.rnrn