Andre Ricardo Araujo da Silva
Federal Fluminense University-Faculty of Medicine, Brazil
Title: Nosocomial Infections
Biography
Biography: Andre Ricardo Araujo da Silva
Abstract
Nosocomial infections (NI) represents a serious problem in all parts of the world. Data from Center for Disease Control-CDC-USA estimates 722,000 cases and 75,000 deaths in 2011, as direct consequences of NI. In the European Union there’s about 4.1 million cases/year with 37,000 deaths. NI are also frequently related to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Without an global plan to reduce AMR, 10 million of deaths are expect in 2050 due to infections by MDR. The main NI are pneumonias (associated or not to mechanical ventilation), surgical site infections, urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections and bloodstream infections. Implementation of infection control programs (IPC) in hospitals is strongly recommended bt World Health Organization (WHO) and it’s compulsory by law in several countries. Between 20-30% of NI cases are preventable through institution and maintenance of IPC. For example, it’s possible to reduce BSI rates in until 70%, with adoption of a package of measures (bundles) to prevent them. Some key components are necessary to implement a successfull IPC as: organisation of infection control at the hospital level, bed occupancy staffing, workload and employment of pool or agency nurses, avaibility of and ease of access to materials and equipment and optimum ergonomics, appropriate use of guidelines, education and training, auditing, surveillance and feedback, multimodal and multidisciplinary prevention programmes that include behavioural change, engagement of champoins and positival organisational culture. In conclusion there’s an urgency of global efforts to implement and mantain IPC in all countries, together with governmental and civil society suport.